Ch. 24 - The Male Reproductive System

Review how commonly used methods of birth control prevent pregnancy

-Abstinence -Rhythm method (day 14 (ish) women are most fertile -Barrier methods (prevent sperm from entering uterus) --Condoms --Diaphragm --Spermicidal foams and gels -Surgical methods --Vasectomy: vas deferens are cut and tied --Tubal ligation: uterine tubes are cut and tied -Hormonal methods (work by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucous, and changing the lining of the uterus) --Oral contraceptives --Estrogen/progestin patches, implants or injections --Vaginal ring --Morning after pill -IUD (intrauterine device) --Implanted T-shaped device that may prevent fertilization and/or implantation

Describe the anatomy and functions of the scrotum

Anatomy: -Raphe -Median septum -Dartos muscle -Cremaster muscle Function: -Provides cooler temperature needed for sperm production

Discuss benign prostatis hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: -Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate -Very common: >90% of men over 80 suffer from it -Symptoms: --Nocturia: urination at night --Polyuria: more-frequent urination --Dysuria: painful urination Prostate cancer: -Risk increases with age -Detected by digital rectal exam, transrectal ultrasound and PSA test (prostate specific antigen)

Know the locations and functions of the following male ducts: epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra (prostatic, membranous, and spongy)

Epididymis: sperms are stored in the tail of the epididymis (here sperm becomes motile) Ductus (vas) deferens: wall contains mucosa, muscularis and adventitia layers

Briefly explain the processes of erection and ejaculation

Erection: -Blood fills the erectile tissues --Deep arteries dilate --Blood is trapped in erectile tissues by compression of veins -Under parasympathetic control Ejaculation: -Smooth muscle contraction in the epididymis, ductus deferens, prostate and seminal glands -Expulsion of semen -Under sympathetic control

Describe the anatomy and functions of the testes

Function: produce sperm and androgens (testosterone)

Explain the location and contents of the spermatic cord

Location: -Connective tissue tube that runs through the inguinal ligament Contents: -Cremaster muscle -Ductus (vas) deferens -Testicular nerve -Testicular vessels --Testicular artery --Pampiniform plexus (testicular veins)

Explain the terms prepuce and circumcision

Prepuce (foreskin): -Skin covering glans Circumcision: -Removal of prepuce to uncover the glans

Describe the location and functions of the following male accessory glands: seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands. List the components of each gland's secretion

Seminal vesicle: contribute 60% of semen volume. Contains large amounts of fructose (generates ATP for semen) Prostate gland: produces alkaline, a milky fluid which it passes to the seminal vesicle to produce semen Bulbourethral glands: releases a thick, salty fluid which lubricates the end of the urethra and the vagina, and cleans urine residues from penile urethra

List the cell types found in and around seminiferous tubules. Explain the function of each cell type

Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells: -Found within the wall of seminiferous tubules -Assist with sperm development Interstitial cells: -Between seminiferous tubules -Produce androgens (testosterone)

Describe the anatomy of the penis. Name the erectile bodies and describe their locations

Three sections: -Corpora cavernosa (2) -Corpus spongiosum (houses spongy urethra) Glans Body (shaft) Root