Ch 24 - Urinary system

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What arteriole exits the glomerulus?

efferent

How (structurally) do the afferent and efferent arterioles differ? How does this affect filtration?

efferent are smaller, and slow down blood. This allows time for filtration and increases pressure.

What are the steps involved in urine production?

1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion

Which kind of nephron does NOT extend deep into the medulla?

Cortical nephrons

How do the descending and ascending limbs of the Loop of Henle differ?

Descending- permeable and simple squamous epithelium Ascending- impermeable to water

Purpose of the loop of Henle extending so far into the medulla

The Loop of Henle, a distal convoluted tubule, and a collecting duct. Multiple tubules feed into the collecting ducts.

What arteriole feeds into the glomerulus?

afferent

Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation.

afferent arteriole

Which limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water?

ascending limb

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.

cortical

Are most nephrons cortical or juxtamedullary?

cortical

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder

detrusor

What contracts to squeeze urine from bladder?

detrusor muscle

2 functions of the kidneys

eliminate nitrogenous wastes and maintain water and salt balance

Is the material in the kidney tubules filtrate or blood?

filtrate

Knot of capillaries that is drained by the efferent arteriole.

glomerulus

What structures comprise the renal corpuscle?

glomerulus + bowman's capsule

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney.

hilum

How many nephrons are found in a renal pyramid?

millions

Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids

minor calyx

smallest functional unit of the kidney, site of filtration

nephron

capillary beds around the tubules, adapted to absorb materials not retained in filtrate

peritubular capillaries

What is the actual site of filtration in a nephron?

renal corpuscle

Where are nephrons found in a kidney? (2 locations)

renal cortex and renal medulla

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity.

retroperitoneal

A large filled space within the kidney containing the renal pelvis, vessels, nerves, and fat

sinus

What tissue type lines the mucosa of the urinary bladder?

transitional epithelium and lamina propria

What is micturition?

urination

Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla.

vasa recta

what is formed by thickening of detrusor muscle at bladder and urethra junction, and is involuntary?

internal urethral sphincter

What two structures are connected by the ureter?

kidney and bladder

Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate.

macula densa

What surrounds urethra with skeletal muscle sheet, inhibits urine and is voluntary?

external urethral sphincter

location of the kidneys

retroperitoneal position, behind mesenteries of coelomic cavity

What can cause kidney stones?

dehydration, blockage of urine flow, bacterial infection

What is being monitored at the juxtaglomerular complex?

blood pressure

What is accomplished by secretion of renin-aldosterone? (the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone complex)

blood pressure is raised

What is the most important job of the collecting ducts?

conservation of body fluids


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