ch 25 mastering micro

Which is the correct sequence of events regarding the stages of tooth decay? 1. Dentin decay 2. Enamel decay 3. Plaque 4. Pulp decay 2-3-1-4 3-2-4-1 3-2-1-4 2-3-4-1

3-2-1-4

Which of the following statements is NOT true of salmonellosis? Pet reptiles, including turtles and iguanas, are frequently carriers. An estimated 2 to 4 million cases occur in the United States per year. Antibiotic therapy is required for all patients. The bacteria invade intestinal mucosa and can readily multiply in macrophages. It is transmitted via contaminated poultry, eggs, and other foods.

Antibiotic therapy is required for all patients.

What do hepatitis A and hepatitis B have in common? Both are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Both can result in a carrier state. Both often result in a mild disease. Both can be prevented by a vaccine.

Both can be prevented by a vaccine.

A vaccine is NOT available for __________. Campylobacter hepatitis B mumps typhoid fever

Campylobacter

The majority of traveler's diarrhea cases are caused by __________. Campylobacter jejuni Bacillus cereus Yersinia enterocolitica Vibrio vulnificus Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli

The spiral-shaped, microaerophilic bacterium _______________ is associated with peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer may develop in about 3% of infected people

Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE? It is caused by ingesting an enterotoxin. It is treated by replacing water and electrolytes. It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes. It can be prevented by adequate refrigeration of food. It is characterized by rapid onset and short duration of symptoms.

It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of mumps? An effective attenuated vaccine (MMR) is available. Complications include meningitis, inflammation of the ovaries, and pancreatitis. It is spread via the fecal-oral route. It commonly infects salivary glands. It may cause sterility in males (rarely).

It is spread via the fecal-oral route.

Which of the following does NOT pertain to dental caries? Normal mouth microbiota act as first-line nonspecific defenses. Acidic microbial products cause erosion of tooth enamel. Increase in dietary sugar causes increased risk for tooth decay. Organisms in the mouth form a biofilm. Plaque contributes to dental caries.

Normal mouth microbiota act as first-line nonspecific defenses.

John went to a picnic. He took some leftover chicken and rice home, heated it on the stove, ate it, and got sick two hours later. John thought the heating made his food safe because it would have killed any bacteria present. He didn't know that __________ produces a heat-stable toxin. Salmonella enterica Staphylococcus aureus Shigella dysenteriae Vibrio cholerae

Staphylococcus aureus

Neurocysticercosis may result from infection with the larval stage of ___________________

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

Which of the following NOT true for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection? The infection is transmitted through blood and body fluids. Diagnosis can be achieved through testing the blood for antibodies. The disease is prevented by vaccination. The virus can cause a chronic disease.

The disease is prevented by vaccination.

Foods that have been cooked and cooled but not refrigerated before consumption are vehicles for transmission of all of the following microorganisms EXCEPT __________. Salmonella Clostridium perfringens Bacillus cereus Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis

Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp? Trichinella spiralis Vibrio parahaemolyticus Staphylococcus aureus Clostridium perfringens Giardia lamblia

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Ulcers can be cured with __________. antibiotics dietary changes low-acid foods none of the listed choices

antibiotics

"Rice water stools" are characteristic of salmonellosis. amebic dysentery. cholera. tapeworm infestation. bacillary dysentery.

cholera

Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by contaminated food and water. exposure to contaminated soil. unpasteurized milk. the respiratory route. biological vectors.

contaminated food and water.

A sticky polysaccharide made by the action of Streptococcus mutans on sucrose is ________________

dextran

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by extended use of antibiotics. eating contaminated food. improper food storage. travel to an underdeveloped country. a blood transfusion.

extended use of antibiotics.

TRUE or FALSE Bacterial infections, but not intoxications, can cause diarrhea.

false

TRUE or FALSE Hepatitis B can be transmitted by recreational water sources.

false

TRUE or FALSE Hookworm is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

false

TRUE or FALSE The presence of cysticerci in meat indicates fecal contamination.

false

Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications are accompanied by high fever. have shorter incubation times. are more severe. are transmitted via contaminated water. are treated with antibiotics.

have shorter incubation times. are more severe

Which of the following is NOT transmitted by fecal contamination of food or water? viral gastroenteritis hepatitis B hepatitis A Vibrio vulnificus

hepatitis B

Which one of the following microorganisms does NOT enter through the mouth? pinworm Cyclospora hookworm tapeworm

hookworm

Food Relative Risk Black beans 0.58 Corn soup 0.75 Jalapeño peppers 34.13 Roma tomatoes 5.40 The relative risks shown in the table were calculated for foods suspected of transmitting Salmonella. Which food is the most likely source of infection? black beans corn soup jalapeño peppers roma tomatoes The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

jalapeño peppers

What organ is most affected by hepatitis B virus? meninges spleen kidneys liver

liver

Ergot poisoning __________. contributes to liver cirrhosis and cancer is caused by the ingestion of contaminated peanuts may cause hallucinogenic symptoms is a disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus flavus

may cause hallucinogenic symptoms

Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days). In the situation, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of illness would be to begin antibiotic therapy. microscopic examination of feces for viruses. muscle biopsy. blood cultures. microscopic examination of feces for oocysts.

microscopic examination of feces for oocysts.

Which of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route? staphylococcal enterotoxicosis traveler's diarrhea Vibrio gastroenteritis bacillary dysentery mumps

mumps

Aflatoxin is a(n) ________ associated with ingestion of contaminated ________. enterotoxin; peanuts mycotoxin; rye or other cereal grains enterotoxin; rye or other cereal grains endotoxin; peanuts mycotoxin; peanuts

mycotoxin; peanuts

The most practical treatment for the majority of diarrheal diseases is __________________

oral rehydration therapy

The nematode Enterobius vermicularis is commonly known as ____________________

pinworm

Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it invades epithelial cells. possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl. makes a capsule. makes HCl. hides in macrophages.

possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl.

Which of the following diseases has symptoms due to endotoxin production? cryptosporidiosis pinworms salmonellosis hepatitis

salmonellosis

TRUE or FALSE An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis occurs in a pediatrics ward. Rotavirus is the most likely causative agent.

true

TRUE or FALSE Symptoms of staphylococcal enterotoxicosis occur within 3 to 4 hours after eating contaminated food.

true

TRUE or FALSE The eradication of Helicobacter pylori with antimicrobial drugs usually leads to the disappearance of peptic ulcers.

true

Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with penicillin. quinacrine. thorough cooking. water and electrolytes. antitoxin.

water and electrolytes.