Ch 25 quizzes

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. Select one: A. 50 mL B. 100 mL C. 150 mL D. 200 mL

The correct answer is: 100 mL

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. Select one: A. 10% B. 20% C. 15% D. 5%

The correct answer is: 20%

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? Select one: A. Sling and swathe B. Vacuum splint C. Air splint D. Cardboard splint

The correct answer is: Air splint

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________. Select one: A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing D. All of these answers are correct.

The correct answer is: All of these answers are correct.

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding? Select one: A. Clotting B. Coagulation C. Vasoconstriction D. All of these answers are correct.

The correct answer is: All of these answers are correct.

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? Select one: A. Position the patient with his injured side down B. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis C. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure D. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport

The correct answer is: Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)? Select one: A. Gastrointestinal system B. Kidneys C. Brain D. Skeletal muscle

The correct answer is: Gastrointestinal system

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? Select one: A. His prescribed albuterol B. Diabetic complications C. High blood pressure D. Hemorrhagic stroke

The correct answer is: High blood pressure

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? Select one: A. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. B. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia. C. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. D. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting.

The correct answer is: Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? Select one: A. Local blood vessels begin to dilate B. Red blood cells separate from plasma C. Platelets collect at the injury site D. Red blood cells become less sticky

The correct answer is: Platelets collect at the injury site

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues? Select one: A. Plasma B. Red blood cells C. White blood cells D. Platelets

The correct answer is: Red blood cells

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? Select one: A. Atria B. Ventricles C. Left D. Right

The correct answer is: Right

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours? Select one: A. Brain B. Heart C. Skeletal muscle D. Kidneys

The correct answer is: Skeletal muscle

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? Select one: A. Adequate blood in the vasculature B. An intact system of blood vessels C. The filtering of blood cells in the spleen D. An effectively pumping heart

The correct answer is: The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? Select one: A. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours. B. The patient has a history of hypertension. C. The patient had a stroke 5 years prior. D. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

The correct answer is: The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: Select one: A. a splint and elevate the extremity. B. additional sterile dressings. C. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. D. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

The correct answer is: a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: Select one: A. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. B. ability of the blood to effectively clot. C. systolic blood pressure exclusively. D. white blood cells' ability to fight infection.

The correct answer is: ability of the blood to effectively clot.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: Select one: A. elevating the injured extremity. B. compressing a pressure point. C. applying local direct pressure. D. packing the wound with gauze.

The correct answer is: applying local direct pressure.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: Select one: A. vena cavae. B. capillary arteries. C. arterioles. D. venules.

The correct answer is: arterioles.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: Select one: A. assist the patient's ventilations. B. obtain baseline vital signs. C. perform a secondary assessment. D. apply a nonrebreathing mask.

The correct answer is: assist the patient's ventilations.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: Select one: A. body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased. B. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). C. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min. D. systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg.

The correct answer is: body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: Select one: A. a rapid, thready pulse. B. a decreasing blood pressure. C. dizziness upon standing. D. rapid, shallow breathing.

The correct answer is: dizziness upon standing.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: Select one: A. follow appropriate standard precautions. B. place the patient on high-flow oxygen. C. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment. D. apply direct pressure to the wound.

The correct answer is: follow appropriate standard precautions.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: Select one: A. an aortic aneurysm. B. acute appendicitis. C. gastrointestinal bleeding. D. intrathoracic hemorrhaging.

The correct answer is: gastrointestinal bleeding.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: Select one: A. hematuria. B. hemoptysis. C. dyspnea. D. hematemesis.

The correct answer is: hematemesis.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: Select one: A. his or her baseline blood pressure. B. the part of the body injured. C. how fast his or her heart beats. D. how rapidly he or she bleeds.

The correct answer is: how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: Select one: A. significant hypotension. B. bruising only. C. widespread ecchymosis. D. pain and distention.

The correct answer is: pain and distention.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______. Select one: A. coagulation B. hypoperfusion C. perfusion D. hemorrhage

The correct answer is: perfusion

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A. placing a rolled 4² × 4² dressing between his lower lip and gum. B. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. C. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. D. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops.

The correct answer is: pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

The systemic veins function by: Select one: A. delivering oxygen-poor blood to the capillaries. B. delivering deoxygenated blood to the capillaries. C. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. D. returning oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium.

The correct answer is: returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: Select one: A. gallbladder. B. pancreas. C. spleen. D. liver.

The correct answer is: spleen.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by: Select one: A. splinting the extremity. B. applying chemical ice pack. C. applying a tourniquet. D. keeping the patient warm.

The correct answer is: splinting the extremity.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: Select one: A. the mechanism of injury. B. systolic blood pressure. C. clinical signs and symptoms. D. poor general appearance.

The correct answer is: systolic blood pressure.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when: Select one: A. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. B. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss. C. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost. D. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced.

The correct answer is: the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding. B. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. C. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released. D. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control.

The correct answer is: the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: Select one: A. weakness or dizziness. B. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. C. a low blood pressure. D. diaphoresis and pale skin.

The correct answer is: weakness or dizziness.