Ch. 3 Data Representation
Information
Data that has been organized or processed in a useful manner
F
Four bits can be used to represent 32 unique things. T/F
T
Keyword encoding replaces frequently used words with a single character. T/F
T
Lossless compression means the data can be retrieved without losing any of the original information. T/F
Video codec
Methods used to shrink the size of a movie
Temporal compression
Movie compression technique based on differences between consecutive frames
Spatial compression
Movie compression technique based on the same compression techniques used for still images
Signed-magnitude representation
Number representation in which the sign represents the ordering of the number (negative and positive) and the value represents the magnitude
T
Overflow occurs when the value that we compute cannot fit into the number of bits we have allocated for the result. T/F
Data compression
Reducing the amount of space needed to store a piece of data
Keyword encoding
Replacing frequently used words with a single character
Vector graphics
Representation of an image in terms of lines and shapes
F
Run-length encoding is very good at compressing English text. T/F
Multimedia
Several different media types
*A4BBB*C8*D4 hi there *E9FF, 27/40
Show how the following string of characters would be represented using run-length encoding? Use an asterisk, (*) for the flag character. What is the compression ratio? Please express the compression ratio for this question in mixed-numeral format, for example: #/#. Please do not reduce this fraction to lowest terms.AAAABBBCCCCCCCCDDDD hi there EEEEEEEEEFF
Raster graphics format
Storing image information pixel by pixel
T
The MP3 audio format discards information that can't be heard by humans. T/F
T
The Unicode character set includes all of the characters in the ASCII character set. T/F
Digitize
The act of breaking information down into discrete pieces
Reclock
The act of reasserting an original digital signal before too much degradation occurs
Radix point
The dot that separates the whole part from the fractional part in a real number in any base
Bandwidth
The number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time
T
The signed-magnitude representation for numbers has two representations for zero. T/F
Compression ratio
The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the uncompressed data
Huffman encoding
Using a variable-length binary string to represent a character so that frequently used characters have short codes
Pulse Code Modulation
Variation in a signal that jumps sharply between two extremes
T
Vector graphics represent images in terms of lines and geometric shapes T/F
XXXXXAAAAAAAAA
What does code *X5*A9 represent using run-length encoding?
Ten's complement
a representation of negative numbers such that the negative of I is 10 raised to k minus I
Overflow
a situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Run length encoding
replacing a long series of a repeated character with a count of the repetition
Resolution
the number of pixels used to represent a picture
T
An RGB value represents a color using three numeric values. T/F
Scientific notation
An alternative floating-point representation
T
An audio signal is digitized by sampling it at regular intervals T/F
T
A CD stores audio information in a binary format. T/F
T
A computer must use the binary numer system to represent information. T/F
F
A computer represents information in an analog form. T/F
Analog data
A continuous representation of data
Lossy Compression
A data compression technique in which there is loss of information
Lossless Compression
A data compression technique in which there is no loss of information
T
A digital signal represents one of two values at any point in time. T/F
Digital data
A discrete representation of data
T
A keyframe is used in temporal compression to represent the changes from one frame to another. T/F
character set
A list of the characters and the codes used to represent each one
Floating point
A representation of a real number that keeps track of the sign, mantissa, and exponent
Data
Basic value of facts
T
Bitmap, GIF, and JPEG are all examples of raster-graphics formats. T/F
CHORES
Given the following Huffman encoding table, decipher the bit string given. Huffman Code Character 00..................A 11..................E 010.................T 0110................C 0111................L 1000................S 1011................R 10010...............O 10011...............I 101000..............N 101001..............F 101010..............H 101011..............D 0110101010100101011111000
NONSENSE
Given the following Huffman encoding table, decipher the bit string given. Huffman Code Character 00..................A 11..................E 010.................T 0110................C 0111................L 1000................S 1011................R 10010...............O 10011...............I 101000..............N 101001..............F 101010..............H 101011..............D 10100010010101000100011101000100011
FANTASTIC
Given the following Huffman encoding table, decipher the bit string given. Huffman Code Character 00..................A 11..................E 010.................T 0110................C 0111................L 1000................S 1011................R 10010...............O 10011...............I 101000..............N 101001..............F 101010..............H 101011..............D 10100100101000010001000010100110110
ELATE
Given the following Huffman encoding table, decipher the bit string given. Huffman Code Character 00..................A 11..................E 010.................T 0110................C 0111................L 1000................S 1011................R 10010...............O 10011...............I 101000..............N 101001..............F 101010..............H 101011..............D 1101110001011
T
Huffman encoding used variable-length binary strings to represent characters. T/F
F
In the ASCII character set, there is not distinction made between uppercase and lowercase letters. T/F
F
Indexed color increases the number of colors that can be used in an image, and thus increases the file size. T/F
Pixels
Individual dots used to represent a picture; stands for picture elements
