Ch 3 Is it possible to supplement your way to better health

How many liters of water does an average human need to replace each day by consuming food or drink?

3

Vitamin __ is water soluble and cannot be synthesized by the body

C

Table sugar (sucrose) belongs to which category of nutrients?

Carbohydrates

Which of these statements is true about minerals

Minerals cannot be made by the body

Scurvy is a disease that is caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?

Vitamin C

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

a double layer of lipids with proteins embedded in it

According to the USDA food guide pyramid, what proportion of a healthy diet should consist of meat and beans?

about 10%

What are the monomer "building blocks" that make up proteins ?

amino acids

Which of the follwoing requires the most ATP to move the molecule across a plasma membrane?

an ion moving against a concentration gradient

Water can enter cells through either passive transport or pores in the membrane called

aquaporins

Which of these foods is made up of many branching chains of sugar monomers?

beans

Which food is most likely to contain all essential amino acids ?

beef

When you compare tap water to bottled water, in most cases

bottled water and tap water are equally clean

use the figure to explain the question. Which of the following can't freely pass through a cell membrane without going through a protein channel?

calcium ions

Which macro nutrient is the major source of energy for cell processes

carbohydrates

Vitamins functions as ____, helping molecules within the cells reduce the activation energy of necessary chemical reactions

co-enzymes

A deficiency of water in the body is called

deficiency

Sports drinks that can have a solute concentration that is higher than blood might cause ___ when you drink them

dehydration

phospholipid bilayer membranes are

differentially permeable

During diffusion, solute molecules move

down a concentration gradient of solute molecules

Cal takes a vitamin supplement to make sure he has enough biotin in his diet. Instead of the supplement, Cal could eat more

eggs

Even though they're extremely small, viruses are too large to enter a cell by passive or active trans port and thus must enter a host cell via

endocytosis

Phagocytic white blood cells digest many of the invasive bacteria that gain entry into the human body. How could a bacterial cell enter a white blood cell in order to be digested ?

endocytosis

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body are called __ amino acids

essential

Omega 3 and omega 6 are the names of two ___ (three words)

essential fatty acids

The movement of a substance out of a cell via a vesicle is called ___

exocytosis

How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a cell membrane?

facilitated diffusion

Which antioxidant is naturally found in cocoa

flavonoid

mono saccharides can be used by body cells

for energy production

Imgaine a ballon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sucrose molecules. If the balloon is filled with a 50% sucrose solution and then placed in a beaker of water, then the balloon will

get larger as it gains water

When you eat a piece of toast that has been spread with butter, your body breaks down the food into mainly

glycerol fatty acids and monosaccarides

The human body stores excess carbohydrates in the form of ___ in the muscles and the liver

glycogen

If you put together a plate that included all the food groups in the proportions that are recommend by the USDA, which of these would take up the largest portion of the plate?

grains

Vitamins in the human body

help enzymes function properly

Table salt provides the body with necessary sodium and chloride. However too much salt could result in

high blood pressure

The interior of a phosphlipid bilayer is

hydrophobic

Trans - fatty acids which are common in fast food are a concern to nutritionists because they

increase the incidence of clogged arteries

Which of the following does not involve molecules moving across cell membranes?

induced fit

What happens to excess protein in the body

it is stored as fat

Why is fiber an important part of a healthful human diet

it may decrease the risk of certain types of cancers

Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sucrose molecules. If the balloon is filled with 50% sucrose solution and then placed in a beaker of water, how will the concentration of sucrose change inside the balloon?

it will become less concentrated

Nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities are called

macro nurtrients

If a drop of red food coloring is added to a glass of water, the red-colored molecules will

move from an area of high concentration of red-colored molecules to an area of low concentration

Which of these has not been tested bu the FDA for safety and effectiveness ?

multivitamin

A decrease in the body's normal water level can cause which of the following problems ?

muscle cramps

Erin wants to make a stir fry using unsaturated fat. Sam suggest that she use

olive oil

Anemia is a disorder that can be caused by a deficiency in

one of the B vitamins

The type of diffusion in which water moves down a concentration gradient is called ___

osmosis

During exocytosis, large substances are moved

out of the cell

When molecules or atoms move down a concentration gradient across cell membranes, its called

passive transport

Which of the following is an example of a food that is rich in complex carbohydrates

pasta

A fat with many unsaturated carbons is called __

polyunsaturated

A fat with many unsaturdated carbons is called __

polyunsaturated

A diet that is rich in whole grains provides the body with which of the following essential minerals?

potassium

A __ (two words) has been stripped of most of its nutrients

processed food

Why are whole foods better for your health than processed than processed foods?

processed foods don't contain all the vitamins and minerals found in whole foods

Which of the following is NOT a macro nutrient?

protein

Molecules embedded in phospholipid bilayers that form channels allowing molecules to pass into and out of the cells are made of

proteins

What does hydrophobic mean?

repelled by water

Tanya eats a vegan diet, which means that she does not eat any animal products. What would be a good source of calcium for Tanya?

spinach

Plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of ____

starch

Elodea is a freshwater aquatic plant that is often used as aquarium vegetation. What would happen to an Elodea plant that was immeresed in a salt water aquarium

the cells of the plant would drink as water from the plant moved into the aquqarium

In general, the net movement of small, unchanged atoms and molecules through the membrane of a cell that will occur until

the concentration of a solute is equal on both sides of the membrane

Diffusion is

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy for the body. If a candy bar and a pear contain an equal number of calories from carbohydrates, which is a healthier food and why?

the pear is healthier because it contains more vitamins, minerals and fiber

What is a function of antioxidants?

to decrease damage done to cells by free radicals

How are trans fats different from regular saturated fats

trans fats have flattened fatty acids

What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

unsaturated fats contain carbon - to- carbon double bonds, but saturated fats don't

Excocytosis and endocytosis both involve membrane- bound ___ that can fuse with plasma membranes

vesicles

Which of these vitamins is also considered an antioxidant ?

vitamin A

Sunlight is required for the synthesis of

vitamin D

Which vitamin could build up to dangerous levels within the body ?

vitamin D