Ch 3
A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?
Exacerbation
An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?
Chronic illness
Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?
Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world.
A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?
Coronary artery disease
Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.
Culture Society Community Family
A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?
Emotional dimension
A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a body mass index of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?
"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented."
Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?
Environmental risk factor
A nurse is planning a seminar for the local community. Which topics are examples of health promotion discussions? (Select all that apply.)
Examples of heart-healthy diet Information on increasing activity and exercise
A nurse working in a primary care facility assesses patients who are experiencing various levels of health and illness. Which statements define these two concepts? Select all that apply.
Health and illness are individually defined by each person. Health is more than the absence of illness. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.
A nurse incorporates concepts from current models of health when providing health promotion classes for patients. What is a key concept of both the health-illness continuum and the high-level wellness models?
Health as a constantly changing state
When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?
Health belief model
Which is the most accurate definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Which definition of health is the best?
Health is a state of complete well-being.
A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?
Health promotion
Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?
Making a referral for a mammogram
The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?
Modifiable
The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to?
Physical dimension
A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating?
Primary
The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?
Primary
Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)
Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course Are rarely curable
Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?
Secondary care
A mammogram represents which level of prevention?
Secondary prevention
A patient in a community health clinic tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel awful, and I am not going to work." What stage of illness behavior is the patient exhibiting?
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
Which nursing activity provides an example of primary prevention?
Teaching a family how to recognize and avoid environments containing lead paint
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary-level prevention?
Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet
A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?
Tertiary
A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?
Tertiary prevention
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?
The Agent-Host-Environment Model
A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?
The client gives up the dependent role.
What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?
To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.
Based on the components of the physical human dimension, the nurse would expect which clinic patient to be most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms?
Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer
The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?
What people believe to be true about their health
A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:
agent.
To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:
consume a diet low in fat.
An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the client had to relearn how to perform activities of daily living, including feeding and dressing. The client has often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is:
giving up the dependent role.
The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:
high-level wellness.
A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:
self-concept.
A client with Alzheimer disease in a nursing home is more compliant in following directions for dressing and feeding with one nurse than with other staff members. This phenomenon is best explained by
the Therapeutic Model of Interaction.
Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?
Rehabilitation
A client is admitted to the mental health center with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is the priority for the nurse to manage?
Risk of self-harm
Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?
Sociocultural needs
A nurse working in a long-term care facility personally follows accepted guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How does this nurse promote health in the residents of this facility?
By being a role model for healthy behaviors
A nurse working in a hospital setting cares for patients with acute and chronic conditions. Which disease states are chronic illnesses? Select all that apply.
Diabetes mellitus Rheumatoid arthritis Cystic fibrosis
A parent brings a 2-year-old child for a well-baby visit. Which actions address primary prevention strategies for the nurse to discuss with the parent? Select all that apply.
Discussing healthy meal choices for a 2-year-old child Adhering to the immunization schedule Reviewing appropriate discipline for a 2-year-old child Using a child safety seat appropriately
What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.
Eating regular healthy meals Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Maintaining an ideal body weight
A client comes to the health center for a routine visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I'm motivated to do things now to make sure I'm the healthiest I can be." When planning this client's care, the nurse should focus on which area?
Health promotion
A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?
Symptoms are not experienced.
Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?
Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury
Nurses perform health promotion activities at a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which nursing actions are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply.
A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient.
A nurse is implementing secondary-level interventions for a group of hospitalized clients. With which activity would the nurse be involved? Select all that apply.
Administering medications Providing wound care
Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which patients are considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply.
An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes A low-income family living in rural America A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy
What is the definition of wellness?
An active state of being healthy
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?
It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.
The nurse uses the agent-host-environment model of health and illness to assess diseases in patients. This model is based on what concept?
Risk factors
