CH. 30 BIO II STUDY GUIDE

True or false? Deuterostomes are split into the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa.

False - Protostomes

True or False: In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth.

False - anus

True or False: A true coelom develops within the ectoderm.

False - mesoderm

True or False: Protostomes exhibit radial cleavage.

False - spiral

What molecular evidence have been found in cnidarians, which have radial symmetry, that is evidence to indicate cnidarians share a common ancestor with bilateral animals?

Hox genes

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

Sponge larvae are motile.

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?

The animal molts.

True or False: Plankton consists mainly of microscopic organisms that float in the water.

True

True or False: An example of an animal that is a metazoan is a(n) sponge.

True

True or False: Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates.

True

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates.

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm.

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt.

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals? a. As adults, they are haploid. b. They are unable to sexually reproduce. c. They are limited in the variety of food they can consume. d. They are not capable of locomotion during their lifetime. e. They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.

e. They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm.

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean? a. Freshwater is turbulent. b. Freshwater generally contains less food. c. Freshwater maintains a constant oxygen content. d. Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids. e. Freshwater temperatures do not fluctuate much.

Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

cat.

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean? a. The ocean water provided buoyancy. b. They did not require a skeleton for support. c. Internal fluid and salt balance was easy to maintain. d. Reproduction was independent of internal fertilization. e. The changeable temperature facilitated natural selection

Internal fluid and salt balance was easy to maintain.

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

True or False: Hox genes have been identified in all bilaterally symmetric animal groups.

True

True or False: The cephalic end of an animal is toward its head.

True

The ____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

mesoderm

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Which statement about bilateral symmetry is FALSE? a. Bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians. b. Bilateral animals tend to have cephalization. c. Bilaterally symmetrical animals has three axes. d. Bilateral symmetry animals have a mesoderm. e. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral surfaces.

a. Bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians.

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched? a. tail end − posterior b. mesoderm − muscles c. coelom − nο body cavity d. deuterostomes − radial cleavage e. triploblastic − bilateral organism

coelom − nο body cavity

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land? a. egg shell b. internal fertilization c. skeletal system and muscles d. external respiratory surfaces e. embryo development within the female

d. external respiratory surfaces

Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes. blastopore becomes anus

deuterostomes

Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes. radial cleavage

deuterostomes

Because it is an enclosed compartment of fluid under pressure, the coelom can serve as a _____, which shapes the body of soft animals.

hydrostatic skeleton

A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:

it would have difficulty with osmoregulation.

A true body cavity completely surrounded by ____ is called a coelom.

mesoderm

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth.

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

tissues.

True or False: The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the Ediacaran radiation.

False - Cambrian

True or False: The nervous system develops from the endoderm.

False - ectoderm

True or False: The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions.

False - mitotic

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and ____, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and ____.

ctenophores; endoderm

Which statement about the development of a coelom is FALSE? a. It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers. b. It requires the endoderm to be covered by mesoderm. c. It occurs in protostomes and deuterostomes. d. It may occur by random. e. It is a fluid-filled cavity.

a. It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers.

The first land animals likely moved onto land how long ago?

450 million years ago

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.

The diverse body plans seen in Animalia apparently developed during the:

Cambrian period.

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

The head end of an animal is known as its:

anterior end.

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

The first air-breathing land animals were:

arthropods.

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE? a. Animals are consumers. b. Animals have specialized cells. c. Animals cannot respond to stimuli. d. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. e. Animals have a life cycle of development.

c. Animals cannot respond to stimuli.

Which statement about echinoderms is FALSE? a. They develop as deuterostomes. b. They fall within the group Bilateria. c. They show evidence of segmentation. d. The fall on the eumetazoan branch of animals. e. They fall within the group Deuterostomia.

c. They show evidence of segmentation.

Which group of organisms display radial cleavage during development?

echinoderms

Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?

echinoderms

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

ectoderm

Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes. blastopore becomes mouth

protostomes

Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes. spiral cleavage

protostomes