Ch. 32-34 Online Learning Center Questions

By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control except A) Anatolia. B) Egypt. C) Greece. D) Serbia. E) All of the above gained independence.

A

Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was A) more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia. B) a deadlock, with German and Austrian troops trapped for months in trenches. C) more encouraging for the Allies, especially on the Balkan Peninsula. D) not as deadly, with far fewer casualties. E) over quickly.

A

In addition to fighting off Allied forces, the Ottoman Empire faced insurrection from A) the Arabs. B) the Egyptians. C) the Greeks. D) the Serbs. E) the Turks.

A

One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that A) the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations. B) the French preferred to employ local rulers to govern their colonies. C) the British established schools and academies to train African civil servants to run their colonies, while the French did not. D) many more British citizens relocated to Africa to administer their colonies than did French citizens. E) the British actively sought to convert Africans to Christianity while the French did not.

A

Pressure for reform in British India came from A) educated Indians seeking self-rule. B) educated Indian women seeking greater independence. C) Indian Muslims seeking independence from the Hindu majority. D) Indian peasants and workers mobilized into unions. E) enlightened British rulers who felt that India was ready for self-government.

A

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because A) their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities. B) Tsar Alexander II refused to consider any reform measures. C) socialists elsewhere in Europe had found assassination to be an effective way to make their case to the public. D) they were affiliated with Zionists, who advocated the use of terrorism when necessary. E) all of the above.

A

The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because A) the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry. B) the samurai were in debt to the merchant class. C) the emperor had failed in his obligations to protect the Japanese people. D) the daimyo led a tax revolt. E) Japanese merchants wanted more access to western goods and technology.

A

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of A) the daimyo and samurai classes. B) the emperor and his court. C) the Japanese military. D) the independent merchants. E) all of the above.

A

Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina A) encouraged conversion to Christianity. B) recruited local peoples into their colonial army. C) worked closely with local elites. D) promoted domestic industries. E) had no obvious racial bias.

A

Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the Empire? A) Turkish as the official language of the empire. B) equality before the law. C) free public education. D) freedom of religion. E) universal suffrage.

A

Which of the following was not a new military technology used for the first time in World War I? A) machine guns. B) armored tanks. C) airplanes. D) poisonous gas. E) nuclear submarines.

A

Although he called himself a Marxist, Lenin, unlike Marx, believed that A) the revolution would be led by rural peasants, not industrial workers. B) the revolution would be led by a small, highly disciplined party acting on behalf of the workers. C) the revolution would be led by the intelligentsia acting on behalf of all Russia people. D) the revolution would not succeed until Russian workers were joined by workers all over the world. E) the revolution could not succeed if it alienated the church and the military.

B

At the Paris Peace Conference, A) the Allies agreed to let ethnic self-determination set the boundaries of the Middle East. B) Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power. C) Russia was forced to cede much of Manchuria to Japan. D) Woodrow Wilson gained acceptance of his Fourteen Points. E) all of the above.

B

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because A) they were all dealing with the challenges of rapid industrialization. B) they discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers. C) they were all forced to grant equal rights and political freedom to their people. D) they were all competing for the same colonies and resources. E) all of the above.

B

In World War I, "no man's land" was: A) the battle line in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. B) the deadly territory between opposing trenches. C) the killing field around Verdun. D) the German route of invasion through Belgium. E) the peninsula of Gallipoli.

B

The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling refers to A) the cost of creating and supporting an empire. B) the moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world. C) the cost of abolishing slavery in Africa. D) the need for Christian missionaries to undermine Islam in Africa and Asia. E) all of the above.

B

The Taiping Rebellion was defeated when A) the dowager empress imprisoned the emperor and ended the hundred-days reforms. B) Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers. C) the dowager empress died, leaving a two-year-old child as emperor. D) the British seized the Grand Canal and cut off north-south trade in the empire. E) all of the above.

B

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from A) the export of textile products. B) land taxes. C) commercial taxes. D) private investors. E) foreign investors.

B

The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for A) the spirited resistance of the Congolese people. B) the brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II. C) a policy of free trade that encouraged merchants from all countries. D) the humane policies of the Belgian government toward the Congolese people. E) all of the above.

B

The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was A) to create a mutually advantageous free trade association. B) to provide mutual defense and support in case of attack. C) to cooperatively share resources in African colonies. D) to avoid war. E) all of the above.

B

The purpose of the Twenty-one Demands was A) to demand control of German-held islands in the Pacific. B) to reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate. C) to demand that the British turn over control of Hong Kong. D) to reduce Korea to the status of a Japanese protectorate. E) all of the above.

B

Which of the following would not be typical of labor migration patterns in the age of empire? A) Chinese migrants to plantations in Cuba. B) German migrants to plantations in the Congo. C) Indian migrants to plantations in the Caribbean. D) Irish migrants to factories and railroads in the United States. E) Japanese migrants to plantations in Hawai'i.

B

In China, a "sphere of influence" was A) a city designated for trade between Chinese and European merchants. B) a Christian mission where Chinese converts could live free of state persecution. C) a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights. D) a tributary state beyond the borders of the empire that paid taxes to the Qing dynasty in exchange for protection. E) a state-sponsored academy based on European science.

C

Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by A) the need for land for settlement by a growing population. B) the desire to spread Buddhism to other lands.. C) resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States. D) a long-standing rivalry between China and Japan. E) all of the above.

C

Panama was supported in its uprising against Colombia by U.S. president A) Grover Cleveland. B) William Howard Taft. C) Theodore Roosevelt. D) William McKinley. E) Woodrow Wilson.

C

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that A) allowed western powers to establish spheres of influence within Ottoman territory. B) forbade the manufacture of cotton cloth and obliged Ottomans to buy textiles from Britain. C) held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes. D) restricted the exchange of technology and prevented the emergence of domestic industry in the Ottoman Empire. E) permitted unrestricted traffic in and out of the Black Sea.

C

The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that A) Europeans were morally superior to Africans. B) Japan had become a major world power. C) European troops with modern weapons could subdue a vast native army. D) Britain had fallen behind Germany by the end of the nineteenth century. E) none of the above.

C

The most significant achievement of the sultan Mahmud II was A) creation of a system of primary education. B) legal emancipation of women. C) creation of a modern army. D) creation of a legislative assembly. E) reconquest of Egypt.

C

Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate when A) Bolsheviks stormed the Winter Palace. B) an assassination attempt revealed that his family was in danger. C) troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied. D) German forces seized the Ukraine. E) all of the above.

C

What effect did World War I have on the status of women? A) the demands of total war actually reduced the opportunities for women. B) women engaged in combat for the first time. C) women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war. D) women gained economic status that continued long after the war. E) all of the above.

C

Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights except A) equality before the law for all subjects. B) public trials in civil courts. C) right to privacy. D) women's right to sue for divorce. E) All of the above are Tanzimat legal reforms.

D

The Battle of Gallipoli was significant in that A) it sounded the death-knell of the Ottoman Empire. B) it demonstrated that the British navy was no match for German dreadnoughts. C) this decisive battle finally broke the stalemate on the western front. D) this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand troops. E) it demonstrated that, after the arrival of American troops, the Allies would win the war.

D

The provisional government lost the support of many Russians because it A) continued to use the police apparatus of the tsar. B) continued policies that discriminated against minorities. C) denied Russians the right to free speech and free press. D) promised to continue the war to victory. E) launched an all-out attack on the workers' soviets.

D

Which of the following is not true about the settlement of Australia? A) The British defined the continent as land belonging to no one. B) The first settlers were mostly convicts, banished from Britain. C) Smallpox and measles reduced the aboriginal populations by 86 percent. D) Australia became a multicultural society, drawing settlers from all over the Pacific. E) Settlement increased significantly after the discovery of gold.

D

Which of the following was not a provision of the Meiji constitution? A) Japan became a constitutional monarchy. B) The right to vote was based on property qualifications. C) The emperor could disregard the recommendations of the Diet. D) The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet. E) Individual rights were affirmed but made secondary to the needs of the state.

D

Which of the following was not an economic motivation for imperialism? A) Cheap raw materials from overseas colonies were needed to sustain industrialization. B) Overseas colonies offered markets for manufactured goods. C) Overseas colonies offered a haven for the settlement of surplus populations. D) European and American industry needed more sources of coal. E) All were economic motives for imperialism.

D

Which of the following was not part of Count Witte's policy of industrialization? A) construction of the trans-Siberian railroad. B) banking reform to encourage domestic savings and investment. C) protective tariffs to support emerging Russian industries. D) nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel. E) promotion of foreign investment in Russian industry.

D

Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century? A) The companies provoked rebellion, and the governments had to come to their defense. B) The companies became so profitable that the governments decided to take over management of the colonies. C) The companies became so powerful that they threatened to break away from the mother country. D) The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe. E) none of the above.

D

The Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 established A) the procedures for purchasing African lands from local rulers. B) the rules of military engagement for European forces overseas. C) that the Americas were off-limits for further European colonization. D) that Africa would be carved into spheres of influence similar to China. E) that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony.

E

The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because A) the state had been weakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb. B) the East India Company established powerful, coastal trading forts. C) British merchants gained access to interior territories. D) the Sepoy Mutiny failed to drive the British out of India. E) all of the above.

E

The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because A) the Janissary Corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. B) the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. C) many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies. D) Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment. E) all of the above.

E

The United States acquired Hawai'i by A) secretly sponsoring a rebellion against the Hawaiian monarchy. B) a purchase treaty with the Hawai'ian people. C) seizing the islands by force in order to provide a naval base in the Pacific. D) purchasing the islands from Spain in the wake of the Spanish-American War. E) annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy.

E

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the catalyst that started World War I because A) he was a unifying force between Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. B) his death caused Russia to rush to the defense of Austria. C) his death caused Germany to rush to the defense of Serbia. D) his death ended plans for national self-determination within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. E) his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe.

E

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861 A) was achieved at the tsar's insistence. B) was intended to avert a revolution. C) brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants. D) did not significantly increase agricultural production. E) all of the above.

E

The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included A) an expensive naval race. B) competition for foreign markets. C) tariff wars. D) competition for colonies in east and southwest Africa. E) all of the above.

E

The scramble for Pacific island colonies in the late nineteenth century was motivated by A) the desire for the tropical produce. B) the need to defend the whaling industry. C) concerns about the Japanese expansion to nearby islands. D) the desire for strategic ports and refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean. E) items a and d above.

E

Which of the following could not be considered a contributing cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905? A) the lack of a representative legislative body. B) the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war. C) the Bloody Sunday massacre. D) the government's failure to address the inequities of land ownership. E) All of the above are factors in the Revolution of 1905.

E

Which of the following statements about the League of Nations is not true? A) It was conceived by Woodrow Wilson. B) It was rejected by the U.S. Congress. C) It was designed to solve international disputes through arbitration. D) It had no power to enforce its decisions. E) It was dominated by the countries of Europe.

E

Which of the following was not a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842? A) Britain gained control of Hong Kong Island. B) British merchants gained the right to conduct the opium trade unimpeded. C) Chinese ports were open to foreign trade and residence. D) Christian missionaries were permitted to come into China. E) Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan.

E

All of the following improved communication between India and Britain except A) the completion of the Panama Canal. B) the use of steamships. C) the invention of the telegraph. D) the laying of submarine cables. E) All of the above improved communication between India and Britain.

A

British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by A) undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles. B) forbidding the manufacture of cotton cloth in India. C) imposing tariffs on cotton cloth into India. D) imposing tariffs on cotton cloth shipped from India to Britain. E) monopolistic practices by the East India Company.

A

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because A) they were unaware of the social and health risks of opium addiction. B) it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit. C) they planned to weaken the Chinese people with opium and then take over the Chinese economy. D) they argued that opium was only a fraction of the volume of trade delivered to China. E) the Chinese government had welcomed the opium trade in earlier times.

B

The Russian Empire was defeated in the Crimean War because A) the Ottoman army was superior in arms and training. B) Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire. C) Russian troops mutinied and demanded a new constitution. D) the people of the Balkan Peninsula resisted Russian advances. E) the Russian troops were inadequately trained.

B

Dreadnoughts were designed primarily A) to be quick and agile and slip through an enemy blockade. B) to spy on one's enemies. C) to protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles. D) to launch underwater attacks with unmanned torpedoes. E) all of the above.

C

"Ten days that shook the world" is a reference to A) the Paris settlement of the Great War B) the debacle at Gallipoli C) the German thrust toward Paris in August 1914 D) the Russian Revolution in October 1917. E) days in August leading up to the outbreak of the Great War.

D

By the end of the nineteenth century, nationalistic movements resulted in independent sovereignty for all of the following except A) Bulgaria. B) Germany. C) Greece. D) Ireland. E) Italy.

D

One social goal of the British authorities in India was to A) abolish the caste system. B) establish a system of public education. C) convert the local population to Christianity. D) abolish the custom of burning widows with their husbands' bodies. E) none of the above.

D

The German Schlieffen Plan called for A) a quick invasion of Great Britain and destruction of the British navy. B) a quick invasion of Russia so that the war would only be fought on one front. C) a blockade of France to starve that country into submission. D) a swift knockout of France combined with defensive action against Russia. E) simultaneous invasions of France, Britain, and Russia with heavy reliance on the navy.

D

A key factor in the U.S. decision to enter World War I was A) its long-standing friendship with Great Britain. B) the U.S. desire to acquire German colonies in the Pacific. C) American prejudice against German immigrants. D) the political ambition of Woodrow Wilson. E) Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States.

E

Cecil Rhodes was A) the British military leader who was responsible for a boom in naval expansion. B) the American politician who articulated the belief in manifest destiny. C) responsible for the philosophy known as social Darwinism. D) the first leader of an independent Canada. E) a leading British imperialist active in south Africa.

E

Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places? A) India, due to tea production. B) Ceylon, due to tea production. C) Malaya, due to rubber production. D) Sumatra, due to rubber production. E) all of the above.

E

Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that A) race could be biologically defined and characterized. B) western dominance was justified on the basis on racial superiority. C) the theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance by the "fittest" races. D) people of European descent were morally superior to other races. E) all of the above.

E

The term "Great Game" refers to A) the British and French rivalry for control of India. B) the German conflict with the British and French for control of Africa. C) the U.S. view of their easy victory in the Spanish-American War. D) the Japanese and Chinese contest for domination of Manchuria. E) the Russian contest with Britain for central Asia.

E

Under British imperial rule, India was governed A) as a private colony of Queen Victoria. B) as an independent sovereign state, but subject to British authority in foreign affairs. C) as the private domain of the East India Company. D) by a viceroy working in collaboration with Indian princes. E) with British bureaucrats and officers overseeing Indian civil servants.

E