Ch 32: Disorders of Cardiac function Patho. Activity G

Mitral valve prolapse occurs frequently in the population at large. Its treatment is aimed at relieving the symptoms and preventing complications of the disorder. Which drug is used in the treatment of mitral valve prolapse to relieve symptoms and aid in preventing complications?

Β-Adrenergic-blocking drugs p. 463.

The Scar tissue that occurs between the layers of the pericardium becomes rigid and constrictive from scar tissue in constrictive pericarditis. What is a physiologic sign of constrictive pericarditis?

Kussmaul sign

Antibiotic directed again the M protein of certain strains of streptococcal bacteria seem to cross-react with glycoprotein antigens in the heart, joint, and other tissues to produce an autoimmune response resulting in rheumatic fever and thematic heart disease. This occurs through what phenomenon?

Molecular mimicry

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital condition of the heart that manifests in four distinct anomalies of the infant heart. It is considered a cyanotic heart defect due to the right-to-left shunting of the blood through the ventricular septal defect. A hallmark of this condition is the "tet spells" that occur in these children. What is a set spell?

A hyper cyanotic attack brought on by periods of stress

ST-elevated myocardial infarction is accompanied by severe, crushing pain. Morphine is the drug of choice used to treat the pain of STEMI when the pain cannot be relieved with oxygen and nitrates. Why is morphine considered the drug of choice in STEMI?

Action decreases metabolic demands of the heart. p. 452.

It is known that more than 100 distinct myocardial disease can demonstrate clinical features associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). What is the most common identifiable cause of DMC in the United States?

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

When an acute myocardial infarction (MI) occurs, many physiologic changes occurs very rapidly. What causes the loss of contractile function of the heart within seconds of the onset of an MI?

Conversion from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism

Heart failure in an infant usually manifests itself as tachypnea or dyspnea, both at rest and on exertion. When does this most commonly occur with an infant?

During feeding

Angina pectoris is a chronic ischemic CAD that is characterized by a symptomatic paroxysmal chest pain or pressure sensation associated with transient myocardial ischemia. What precipitates an attack of angina pectoris?

Emotional stress

Cardiomyopathies are classified as either primary or secondary. The primary cardiomyopathies are further classified as genetic, mixed, or acquired. Identify the following conditions as genetic, acquired, or mixed.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-genetic Left ventricular noncompaction- genetic Myocarditis-acquired Dilated cardiomyopathy-mixed Peripartum Cardiomyopathy-acquired

Unstable plaque, a condition of atherosclerotic heart disease, occurs in unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Unstable plaque can rupture causing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. What are the major determinants of the vulnerability of plaque to rupture? Mark all that apply.

Size of lipid- rich core Presence of inflammation Thickness of fibrous cap

A patient with a suspected myocardial infarction (MI) is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. As the nurse caring for this patient, what lab work would you expect to receive an order for to continue a diagnosis of MI?

Troponin level

The diagnosis of chronic stable angina is based on a detailed pain history, the presence of risk factors, invasive and noninvasive studies, and laboratory studies. What test is not used in the diagnosis of angina?

serum biochemical markers

During an acute myocardial infarction (MI) there is ischemic damage to the heart muscle. The location and extent of the ischemic damage is the major predictor of complications, ranging from cardiac insufficiency to death, following an MI. What is the "window of opportunity" in restoring blood flow to the affected area so as to diminish the ischemic damage to the heart and maintain the viability of the cells?

20- 40 minutes

Nearly everyone with pericarditis has chest pain. With acute pericarditis, the pain is abrupt in onset, sharp, and radiates to the neck, back, abdomen, or sides. What can be done to ease the pain of acute pericarditis?

Have the client sit up and lean forward. p. 466.

Cardiac tamponade is a serious life-threatening condition that can arise from a number of other conditions. What is a key diagnostic finding in cardiac tamponade?

Pulsus paradoxus (466-467)

Unstable angina/ non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is a clinical syndrome that ranges in severity between stable angina to myocardial infaction (MI). IT is classified according to its risk of causing an acute MI and is diagnosed base on what? Mark all that apply.

Serum biomarkers ECG pattern

In infective endocarditis, vegetative lesions grow on the valve of the heart. These vegetative lesions consist of a collection of infectious organisms and cellular debris enmeshed in the fibrin strands of clotted blood. what are the possible systemic effect of these vegetative lesion?

They can fragment and cause cerebral emboli