Ch. 39 Animal Tissues

Which tissue primarily contracts?

Muscle Tissue

Define Endoderm

the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the lining of the gut and associated structures.

Connective Tissue

Animal tissue consisting mostly of an intercellular substance (fibers scattered throughout a matrix) in which cells are embedded... such as the bone. Connective tissue can be found in bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and fat tissue.

Which cells transport oxygen and hormones?

Blood

Define cartilage, does it contain a blood supply? What is the matrix composed of?

Cartilage is a flexible skeletal tissue of vertebrates; a type of connective tissue. There is no blood supply within the cartilage. The matrix is composed of microscopic fibers.

Place the following in the correct order: tissues, organs, cells, organism and organ systems.

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms

Define the Harversian Canals

Channels extending throughout the matrix od bone; contain blood vessels and nerves.

Define Chondrocytes

Chondrocytes are cartilage cells

A group of closely associated cells that carry out specific functions are called...?

Tissues

Define Osteocytes

A mature bone cell; an osteoblast that has become embedded within the bone matrix and occupies a lacuna.

Muscle Tissue

A soft tissue that composes muscles in an animal's body and gives rise to the muscles ability to contract. Muscular tissue can be found all throughout the body, attached to bones... it is attached to organs, particularly the heart.

Nervous Tissue

A type of animal tissue specialized for transmitting electrical and chemical signals. Nervous tissue can be found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves all throughout the body.

Describe Muscle Tissue

Allows animals to move by contracting the long cylindrical or spindle shaped cells of muscle tissue. There are many different types of muscle tissue such as skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Define Ectotherms

An animal whose temperature fluctuates with that of the environment; may use behavioral adaptations to regulate temperature; sometimes referred to as cold blooded.

Define Stress

An organisms' response to a stressor such as its environment.

Define and state the function of Platelets

Defined as cell fragments in vertebrate blood that function in clotting; also called thrombocytes.

The terms squamous, cuboidal and columnar are associated with which tissue?

Epithelial Tissue

Which tissue covers and lines the body?

Epithelial Tissue

List the four basic animal tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous Tissues.

Define and state the function of Red Blood Cells

It contains the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen.

State the function of adipose tissue

It stores fat and releases it when fuel is needed for cellular respiration.

List the different connective tissues found in the body

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, elastic connective tissue, and reticular connective tissue.

Describe Nervous Tissue, what is the function of the dendrites, the axon and the glial cells

Nervous tissue consists of neurons and glial cells. Glial cells support and nourish the neurons, destroy pathogens, and modulate transmission of impulses. Glial cells are like the pit stop. Dendrites are cytoplasmic extensions specialized for receiving signals and transmitting them to the cell body. Dendrites collect information from other cells and send them to the soma. The axon transmits signals, called nerve impulses, away from the cell body. The axon is the "transmission cable".

Define Bone

Principal vertebrae skeletal tissue; a type of connective tissue that consists of cells (osteocytes) embedded in a hard matrix of collagen fibers and minerals, including calcium and phosphate.

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Protects body, helps regulate body temperature, and receives stimuli. Examples of this system include skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.

Define and state the function of Plasma

The fluid portion of blood in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended.

Define Homeostatic mechanism

The regulatory mechanisms that maintain homeostasis.

Epithelial Tissue

The type of animal tissue that covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands. You would find epithelial tissue on the skin and the linings of the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts.

Define and state the function of White Blood Cells

These blood cells defend the body against disease causing microorganisms.

Define Exocrine Glands and give an example

These glands are like goblet cells and sweat glands, secrete their products onto a free epithelial surface, typically through a duct tube. Examples include Salivary Glands, Tear Glands, Mammary Glands, Stomach Pit, Anal Glands.

Define Endocrine Glands and give an example

These glands lack ducts. The glands release their products, called hormones, into the interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) or blood. Examples of Endocrine glands include Pituitary Gland, Pineal Gland, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Testes, Ovary.