Ch. 4
Biogenous sediments are indicated by the number(s): 2 & 4. 2, 3, 4, & 5. 1. 2, 3, & 4. 2 & 3.
2, 3, & 4.
Calcareous oozes are represented by the number(s): 3 & 4. 4. 2 & 3. 2. 1.
4.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. siliceous ooze B. quartz sand C. rock fragments D. clay E. volcanic ash
A. siliceous ooze
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. biogenous B. calcareous C. cosmogenous D. hydrogenous E. lithogenous
B. calcareous
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. coccolithophores B. diatoms C. foraminiferans D. oolites E. radiolarians
D. oolites
Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment? Foraminifers Diatoms Coccolithophores Radiolarians
Diatoms Coccolithophores
Calcareous ooze is found in cooler waters at depth around the world. True False
False
Macroscopic biogenous sediment is the most abundant biogenous sediment in the marine environment. True False
False
Sediments derived from weathered rock and volcanic activities are called biogenous sediments. True False
False
What can you infer about the ocean environment from a core sample composed of the following layers:1.siliceous 1.ooze (youngest layer) 2.calcareous ooze 3.basalt rock (oldest layer) The core was collected in a warm-water region in water deeper than 4,500 meters. The core was collected from a region where the seafloor is shallower than the calcite compensation depth (CCD). The core was collected beneath a region of low-productivity at a depth greater than the calcite compensation depth (CCD). The core was collected from the mid-ocean ridge in water shallower than 4,000 meters. The core was collected in a region of high surface productivity in water deeper than 4,500 meters
The core was collected in a region of high surface productivity in water deeper than 4,500 meters.
Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to be found beneath the CCD? Select only one answer. The deposit undergoes slow burial. The ooze accumulates above the CCD and then is covered before being transported to deeper depths by sea floor spreading. Conditions of high salinity are present. The deposit is mixed with hydrogenous sediment. The calcareous ooze accumulates faster than it dissolves.
The ooze accumulates above the CCD and then is covered before being transported to deeper depths by sea floor spreading.
What do manganese nodules, metal sulfides, and evaporites all have in common? They all form from chemical reactions modified by living organisms. They all are restricted to regions of high evaporation overlying the continental shelf. They all form at deep-ocean sites where lithogenous sediments are rare. They all contain commercially valuable metals that are collected from the sea floor. They all precipitate from water oversaturated in their respective minerals.
They all precipitate from water oversaturated in their respective minerals.
Calcareous shells generally will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4,500 meters (around 15,000 feet). True False
True
Calcium carbonate, phosphates, and manganese may precipitate out of solution to form deposits on the ocean floor. True False
True
Organisms that live on the ocean floor may be responsible for keeping manganese nodules from being buried in the sediment. True False
True
Texture refers to the size and shape of sediment particles. True False
True
The organisms that contribute to biogenous sediment are chiefly algae and protozoans. True False
True
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by: the wind. organisms a river delta. a volcanic eruption. a glacier.
a glacier.
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. coccolithophores lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment hydrogenous sediment cosmogenous sediment biogenous sediment
biogenous sediment
Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________. metal sulfides volcanic ash silica calcium carbonate quartz sand
calcium carbonate
The presence of what type of macroscopic sediment would provide evidence of a meteorite impact on Earth? chondrites micrometeorites spherules tektites oolites
chondrites
Ocean sediments provide all the following mineral resources except : manganese nodules. petroleum. methane hydrates. sand and gravel. coal.
coal.
You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle. The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a(n) __________. tropical reef or bank mid-ocean ridge abyssal hills province abyssal plain continental rise
continental rise
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called: cosmogenous. lithogenous. biogenous. volcanogenic. hydrogenous.
cosmogenous.
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. CCD depth at which all calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved) particle size classification associated with submarine canyons and deep-sea alluvial fans associated with glacial deposits depth at which calcium carbonate begins to dissolve
depth at which all calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved)
All the following are examples of lithogenous sediment except : diatom ooze. beach sand. volcanic particles. glacial deposits. clays.
diatom ooze.
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. manganese nodules cosmogenous sediment biogenous sediment hydrogenous sediment lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
hydrogenous sediment
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. metal sulfides biogenous sediment hydrogenous sediment lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment cosmogenous sediment
hydrogenous sediment
Phosphate-rich nodules form in: estuaries. intermediate to shallow depth water. abyssal plains. hydrothermal vent areas. mid-ocean ridges
intermediate to shallow depth water.
Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are: more than 30% biogenous material. less than 30% neritic material. less than 30% biogenous material. more than 30% hydrogenous material. more than 30% neritic material
less than 30% biogenous material.
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. abyssal clay lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment cosmogenous sediment biogenous sediment hydrogenous sediment
lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called: cosmogenous. hydrogenous. biogenous. volcanogenic. lithogenous.
lithogenous.
Of the following environments, where would you expect to find large amounts of lithogenous sediment? on coral reefs that exist just below the water surface on the continental slope along the mid-ocean ridge on the continental shelf in deep trenches not far offshore
on the continental shelf in deep trenches not far offshore
Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called __________. mud ooze slime clathrate oolite
ooze
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Wentworth Scale depth at which calcium carbonate begins to dissolve particle size classification depth at which all calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved) associated with submarine canyons and deep-sea alluvial fans associated with glacial deposits
particle size classification
Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________. red clay sand, silt, and gravel biogenic ooze basalt fragments and metallic sulfides halite, gypsum, and anhydrite
sand, silt, and gravel
All the following are examples of hydrogenous sediment except : halites. evaporites. stromatolites. phosphates. manganese nodule
stromatolites.
Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze? Coccolithophores Diatoms Foraminifers Radiolarians
Diatoms Radiolarians
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. halite and other salts B. manganese nodules C. metal sulfides D. phosphates E. tektites
E. tektites
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. ice rafting associated with submarine canyons and deep-sea alluvial fans particle size classification depth at which calcium carbonate begins to dissolve depth at which all calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved) associated with glacial deposits
associated with glacial deposits
The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean—and likely the world—in the form of ______________. crude oil halites clathrates phosphorites coal
clathrates
Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristic? low salinity high oxygen concentration high carbon dioxide concentration low oxygen concentration low carbon dioxide concentration
low salinity
Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous? manganese nodules tests of foraminifers abyssal clay black volcanic beach sand coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers radiolarian ooze
manganese nodules coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers
All the following statements are true of ocean sediments except : ocean sediments may be composed of chemical precipitates such as calcium carbonate or manganese dioxide. ocean sediments may form from the remains of living organisms falling to the ocean floor. ocean sediments are thickest in pelagic waters overlying the oceanic ridges. ocean sediments can include the fossilized remains of ancient marine life. ocean sediments include the remains of ancient rocks of cosmic origin.
ocean sediments are thickest in pelagic waters overlying the oceanic ridges.
The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________. calcite halite aragonite gypsum quartz
quartz
Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)? corals radiolarians phosphorites foraminiferans coccolithophores
radiolarians
Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by __________. dredging gravity coring instrumented probes rotary drilling grab sampling
rotary drilling
