Ch. 4 - Clicker Questions

Bowlby's concept of attachment in the making, which occurs between 4 and 7 to 8 month, is marked by: a. an infant's first use of social smiles to attract the attention of the primary caregiver. b. an infant's slight preference for their primary caregiver. c. separation anxiety and the need for physical proximity to the primary caregiver d. an infant's visible and apparent distress at the primary caregiver's departure.

b. an infant's slight preference for their primary caregiver.

These children are "clingy" and "overly nervous" a. avoidant attached b. anxious-ambivalent c. disorganized attached d. securely attached

b. anxious-ambivalent

Early childhood poverty has negative effects on: a. attachment but not cognitive development b. attachment and physical and cognitive development. c. cognitive development alone. d. few aspects of development.

b. attachment and physical and cognitive development.

The ____________ is the site of every conscious perception, action and thought. a. synapses b. cerebral cortex c. axons d. dendrites

b. cerebral cortex

Behaviorists emphasize the role of __________ in development? a. nature b. nurture c. balance d. equality

b. nurture

Developmentalists who test groups of people and use numerical scales are doing ___________ research, and developmentalists who interview individuals and summarize the content of the interviews are doing ____________ research. a. cross sectional/longitudinal b. quantitative/qualitative c. longitudinal/cross sectional d. qualitative/quantitative

b. quantitative/qualitative

Prior to cell division, the fertilized ovum is referred to as a(n): a. egg b. zygote c. embryo d. fetus

b. zygote

DNA consists of: a. chromosomes b. trisomy 21 c. genes d. hormones

c. genes

Because of this characteristic our brains can redirect neurons to serve other functions if we have a brain injury in infancy or childhood. a. synaptogensis b. myelination c. plasticity d. stunting

c. plasticity

Parents can best help a shy toddler by: a. gently exposing the child to new social situations. b. avoiding putting any restrictions on the child. c. protecting the child from new social situations. d. asserting control over the child's behavior.

a. gently exposing the child to new social situations

The phase of clear-cut attachment, which occurs between 7 and 8 months, is characterized by: a. separation anxiety b. social referencing c. pre-attachment d. proximity-seeking behavior

a. separation anxiety

Around 2 months of age which of the following starts to develop: a. social smile b. attachment in the making c. clear cut attachment d. hearing

a. social smile

1. People in the same age group 2. Study of a group of people over many years 3. Growth from top to bottom 4. A substance that affects neonatal development 5. Touch on the cheek that stimulates baby to turn his/her head 6. The space between 2 neurons 7. Connection to a caregiver 8. A person's manner of thinking and behaving

1. Cohort 2. Longitudinal 3. Cephalocaudal 4. Teratogen 5. Rooting reflex 6. Synapse 7. Attachment 8. Temperament

____________ is the term referring to a mother & baby relating as if they are emotionally in tune with each other. a. Synchrony b. Intense attachment c. Caring d. Insecure attachment

a. Synchrony

Mathilda rarely shows signs of separation anxiety from her mother. Her parents also note that she rarely shows strong emotional reactions, either positive or negative, when her mother returns after a brief separation. Mathilda appears to have a(n) _____________ attachment style. a. avoidant b. secure c. disorganized d. negative

a. avoidant

According to behaviorists a response that is not reinforced with: a. go away (extinguish) b. become stronger (amplify) c. no charge d. become biologically motivated

a. go away (extinguish)

While research indicates that day care does not negatively affect attachment, _____________ in day care is associated with "acting-out issues" in adolescence. a. long hours b. over-enrollment c. lack of staff d. poor nutrition

a. long hours

Parents can expect first words to occur at: a. 1-6 months b. 10-12 months c. 12-24 months d. after 2 years

b. 10-12 months

Family day care involves: a. a family member providing care. b. a neighbor or local parent caring for a small number of children in his or her home. c. a large number of children cared for at a certified facility. d. child care at a school or educational facility outside of normal school hours.

b. a neighbor or local parent caring for a small number of children in his or her home.

Which of the following is NOT a newborn reflex? a. sucking in reaction to stimulation in the cheek. b. grasping objects that touch the hand. c. swimming motions if placed underwater. d. eating only familiar foods.

d. eating only familiar foods.

The fetal period from the 9th week of pregnancy to birth is referred to as the ________ stage. a. ovulation b. germinal c. embryonic d. fetal

d. fetal