CH 40 prep u

Which body systems work with the endocrine system to regulate body functions? Select all that apply.

Peripheral nervous system Immune system Central nervous system

Which structure controls the functions of the greatest number of target glands and cells?

Pituitary gland

A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?

"A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."

Hormones are usually divided into categories according to their structure. The release of epinephrine would be classified as:

Amines and amino acids

The release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells can inhibit further release of insulin from the same cells. This is an example of which type of hormone action?

Autocrine

The nurse is reviewing the test results of a client who was given thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to evaluate the function of the pituitary gland. The nurse would recognize pituitary dysfunction as:

Decreased TSH levels

A client experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which hormonal response demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism?

Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

An adult client presents to the emergency department after an episode of syncope. Blood pressure is low and the pulse is thready and rapid. The client frequently voids large amounts of pale, clear urine. Lung sounds are clear and skin turgor is inelastic. Which endocrine disorder is the likely cause of these manifestations?

Diabetes insipidus

Which type of imaging is preferred to evaluate the bone density of a client with hyperparathyroidism?

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan

When caring for a client who is being screened for osteoporosis, the nurse plans to evaluate the results of which diagnostic test?

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

While discussing the regulation of hormone levels, the instructor gives an example of hormones regulated by feedback mechanisms. Which example of this regulation is best?

Following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.

Which physiologic process allows hormones to exert influence upon some cells and not others?

Hormone receptors

Which statement best explains the function of hormone receptors?

Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response.

A health care provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further laboratory/diagnostic assessment?

Hypothalamus

An adult client is scheduled for testing of a suspected growth hormone (GH)-secreting tumor. Which result from the glucose suppression test would confirm the condition?

Increased GH secretion

The nurse is discussing positive feedback mechanisms. Which example best explains this mechanism?

Increased estradiol production causes increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production.

What is the most common mechanism of hormone control?

Negative feedback

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students recognize the local action of hormones as:

Paracrine

A client receives steroids for several months to treat an inflammatory condition. Which action by the primary health care provider indicates an understanding of the negative feedback mechanism when the client no longer needs the medication?

Prescribing a tapering dose of the medication over weeks

A client with a history of brain tumors that resulted in partial removal of the pituitary gland years ago expresses concern to the health care provider about whether she will be able to breast-feed her infant. Which physiologic function of the pituitary gland facilitates breast milk production?

Prolactin

Several hormones, including growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), are bound to and carried by which substance?

Proteins

When trying to explain hypothyroidism to a newly diagnosed client, the nurse stresses the fact that the thyroid hormone is transported in blood by specific:

Proteins

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving exogenous corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis. Recognizing that hormone levels are regulated by negative feedback, which laboratory test result does the nurse anticipate uncovering when reviewing the medical record?

Reduction in ACTH

A client has received an injection containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and is now being assessed for serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which type of diagnostic testing is this client undergoing?

Stimulation testing

Which physiologic process best exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?

The increase in prolactin secretion that occurs with more frequent breast-feeding

Which statement about immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) testing for measuring plasma hormone levels is most accurate?

These tests are very specific since they utilize two antibodies instead of one.

A client with many nonspecific complaints has been ordered a positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for evaluation of:

Tumors located on endocrine glands

While teaching a science class, the instructor mentions that both autocrine and paracrine hormonal actions occur without entering the bloodstream. A student aks, "What cells do paracrine actions affect?" Which response is correct?

local

During a near-miss accident while cycling, a client marvels at how fast he was able to react. He attributes this to his "fight or flight" response but then wonders why it lasts for only a short period. The client had a short burst of catecholamine activity because catecholamines are:

rapidly degraded by enzymes in circulation and at the tissue.

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

A client experiences an increase in cortisol as a result of Cushing disease. Which hormonal responses demonstrate the negative feedback mechanism?

Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which hormone is secreted based on a cyclic rather than a diurnal manner?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Select the most appropriate statement that describes the function of hormones.

Hormones function as modulators of cellular and systematic responses.

Release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are mainly regulated by which part of the body?

Hypothalamus

Which gland acts as a signal relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

Select the most accurate statement regarding measurements of urinary hormone.

Provide a better measure of hormone levels during a designated period.

Hormones are chemical messengers that provide which function in the body?

Regulate body functions

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypofunction of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function.

Simulation tests

While reviewing the major actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the faculty points out that in males this hormone is responsible for the:

Sperm production

A client is scheduled for a suppression test as part of the diagnostic testing for his suspected endocrine disorder. The results of this test will help the care team determine:

whether the client is producing excessive hormone levels.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) performs which role in the functioning of the endocrine system?

Acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells

The nurse is assessing a client with thyrotoxicosis and the nurse is explaining how the thyroid gland is stimulated to release thyroid hormones. The nurse should describe what process?

Action of releasing hormones from hypothalamus

When discussing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with students, the instructor will emphasize that these hormones are under the control of:

Anterior pituitary gland

If glucagon binds to surface receptors on liver cells to send an intracellular message for glycogen breakdown, this process is known as which mechanism of action?

Cell surface receptors

A nurse examines the laboratory values of a client in heart failure. Which value indicates a compensatory hormone mechanism?

Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone

When hypofunction of an endocrine organ is suspected, which type of diagnostic test can be administered to measure and assess target gland response?

Hormone stimulation

The hypophysis is a unit formed by the pituitary and the hypothalamus. These two glands are connected by the blood flow in what system?

Hypophyseal portal system

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones?

Hypothalamus

A middle-aged female client has been diagnosed with a thyroid condition. The nurse educates the client about the prescription and needed follow-up lab work, which will help regulate the dosage. The client asks, "Why do I not return to the clinic for weeks, since I am starting the medication tomorrow morning?" The nurse bases the answer on the knowledge that thyroid hormones:

may take days for the full effect to occur, based on the mechanism of action.

The nurse is planning to collect a 24-hour urine sample for hormone assay. In which situation does the nurse collaborate with the health care provider to find an alternate type of testing?

Client has anuria

After having a very stressful day in pathophysiology class, the student knows that which hormone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress?

Cortisol, a glucocorticoid

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Growth hormone (GH)

The kidney produces 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This form of vitamin D is responsible for which action in the body?

Stimulates calcium absorption from the intestine

A client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate?

The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate?

The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate.