Ch 4&5 Quiz Q's

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Confucianism and Daoism? a. Confucian scholars believed that gentlemen should enter government, but Daoists sought refuge from political life. b. Daoism criticized Confucianism for teaching an unnatural social equality. c. Both taught that the best way to live was to follow the natural order of things. d. Both required acts of charity to effect positive change in the world.

a. Confucian scholars believed that gentlemen should enter government, but Daoists sought refuge from political life.

Which of the following did Confucius think led to a harmonious existence? a. Ethical behavior based on family and filial duty b. Carefully studying the natural world c. Clear laws and punishments to maintain order d. Unfettered individual freedom

a. Ethical behavior based on family and filial duty

The Buddha understood which of the following to be a way to reach nirvana? Correct! a. Seeking a middle path between self-indulgence and self-denial b. Embracing desire instead of asceticism c. Rituals to placate Brahmanic deities d. Encyclopedic knowledge of the Vedas

a. Seeking a middle path between self-indulgence and self-denial

The greatest opposition to Brahmanic claim to moral authority arose in which part of South Asian society? a. Sudras b. Manu c. Kshatriyas d.Rajas

c. Kshatriyas

What was a consequence of dualism in Zoroastrian beliefs? a. Humans' choices between good and evil determined their reward or punishment in the afterlife. b. Corpses had to be buried in bare earth so that they would decompose quickly and be reunited with the mother goddess, the consort of Ahura Mazda. c. Many different gods fought with each other for human followers. d. One god, Ahura Mazda, was worshipped by Persians, another, Ahriman, was worshipped by the conquered peoples.

a. Humans' choices between good and evil determined their reward or punishment in the afterlife.

In contrast to most other societies in Afro-Eurasia, the second-generation societies on the borderlands of the eastern Mediterranean developed which of the following political organizations? a. Self-governing city-states b. Elected monarchies c. Theocracies d. Merchant oligarchies

a. Self-governing city-states

The Phoenicians benefitted from their location in which of the following ways? a. They were able to develop seaworthy crafts from the massive cedar trees in their region. b. Their location on the Red Sea allowed them to control trade between Egypt and Persia. c. They did not produce manufactured goods themselves, but only acted as traders. d. They were ambitious to establish a maritime empire throughout the Indian Ocean.

a. They were able to develop seaworthy crafts from the massive cedar trees in their region.

The Zhou's endorsement of the mandate of heaven implied what potential threat to dynastic continuance? a. A dynasty could end if religious rituals and ideas unified political rivals. b. A dynasty could end if the ruler did not uphold harmony and act with honor. c. A dynasty could end if the ruler turned over authority to local kings. d. A dynasty could end if priests undermined the power of the king.

b. A dynasty could end if the ruler did not uphold harmony and act with honor.

Which of the following was a consequence of the reforms implemented by government minister Shang Yang during the Warring States period in China? a. "Superior men" were excluded from government. b.The Qin became the dominant state in China c. The Wu became the dominant state in China. d. The power of the military was weakened by excessive punishment for failure.

b.The Qin became the dominant state in China

Which of the following reflects a way that the Persians integrated their multiethnic empire? a. All subject peoples were required to convert to Zoroastrianism, in order to create a common religion throughout the kingdom. b. Persian administrators taught Old Persian to the local populations in order to create a common language for governmental affairs. c. Local provinces were allowed to keep their own currency and standards of weights and measures in order to promote trade. d. All subject peoples were required only to give loyalty and pay tribute to the king.

d. All subject peoples were required only to give loyalty and pay tribute to the king.

How did an occupation-based social hierarchy support Zhou rule? a. It served as a counter to the Confucian hierarchy promoted by Zhou's rivals. b. It promoted opportunities for women in trades. c. It enshrined sufficient members of each craft group so trade could proceed. d. It asserted power over the empire's diverse peoples and creating social stability.

d. It asserted power over the empire's diverse peoples and creating social stability.

Which of the following accurately describes the goals of axial age thinkers? a. Training military leaders to use the forces of nature against opposing armies b. Training government bureaucrats to effectively run states c. Teaching priests proper beliefs and individuals to treat each other with kindness d. Teaching rulers to govern justly and individuals to live ethically

d. Teaching rulers to govern justly and individuals to live ethically

Which of the following is true about slaves in Assyria? a. Assyrians who were enslaved for not paying their debts were still permitted to marry free partners and engage in financial transactions. b. Foreigners enslaved through war were granted rights of marriage and the ability to work for wages. c. Foreigners forcibly relocated were enslaved in their new localities. d. Assyrian peasants were in fact enslaved to large land owners.

a. Assyrians who were enslaved for not paying their debts were still permitted to marry free partners and engage in financial transactions.

Which of the following characterized innovations in warfare during the Warring States period in China? a. Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances. b. Armies were led by family members of the king in order to ensure the loyalty of the military. c. Territorial states could produce armies of up to one thousand men. d. Siege warfare was less successful because of innovations in defensive fortification.

a. Nobles fighting from chariots were replaced by massed infantries of peasants bearing iron-tipped lances.

What important effect of environmental change led to the collapse of urban societies and administrative centers around 1200 BCE? a. Pastoralists from peripheral societies migrated because of prolonged drought b. Famine caused by heavy rains and floods c. Invaders arrived from the Indian Ocean fleeing increased monsoon activity d. Militant, expansionist religions developed following solar eclipses

a. Pastoralists from peripheral societies migrated because of prolonged drought

Which of the following reflects a commonality of the Sudanic peoples spread across sub-Saharan Africa? a. Sudanic peoples' religious beliefs were dominated by a high god served by sacred kings. b. Sudanic peoples borrowed their institutions from equatorial Africa. c. Sudanic peoples were skilled weaver of linen, a crop they had domesticated. d. Sudanic peoples had no large domesticated large animals such as horses and cattle.

a. Sudanic peoples' religious beliefs were dominated by a high god served by sacred kings.

In which of the following ways did Olmec society differ from most other decentralized agrarian cultures? a. The Olmecs developed an elaborate social system characterized by many tiers of rankings. b. The Olmecs were more simple and egalitarian than other agrarian cultures. c. Olmec chieftains were organized for warfare, not for overseeing the economy and agriculture. d. Olmec priests studied weather patterns in order to develop an accurate calendar system for planting crops.

a. The Olmecs developed an elaborate social system characterized by many tiers of rankings.

Which of the following beliefs was reinforced by the visual propaganda of Persian architecture? a. The empire as a society of diverse and obedient peoples b. The empire as heir to pastoral nomadic culture c. The empire's use of terror to control local peoples d. The empire as a homogenized state of people who had adopted Persian culture

a. The empire as a society of diverse and obedient peoples

Which of the following was a major effect of colonies founded by Mediterranean city-states? a. These colonies created a city-state culture founded on a market-based economy and private property. b. These colonies tended to develop individual cultures as influenced by the local populations. c. These colonies had little influence on populations in the hinterlands. d. These colonies led to the establishment of an ever-widening imperial state.

a. These colonies created a city-state culture founded on a market-based economy and private property.

Aristotle's philosophical approach differed from that of Socrates and Plato in which of the following ways? a. Socrates and Plato were more deeply interested in experimentation and mathematics, while Aristotle studied theoretical physics. b. Aristotle believed that to understand the world, one must collect as much evidence as possible and then deduce patterns from that data. c. Socrates and Plato were more influenced by Egyptian science, while Aristotle followed Mesopotamian scientific thought. d. Aristotle tried to create an ideal state for humans to imitate, while Socrates sought to understand natural law.

b. Aristotle believed that to understand the world, one must collect as much evidence as possible and then deduce patterns from that data.

Which of the following best describes the relationship of Mahavira and the Buddha with Brahman spiritual authority? a. Both Mahavira and the Buddha accepted the elaborate cosmology of Brahman scholars. b. Both Mahavira and the Buddha relied upon the oral transmission of their teachings, whereas the Brahmans relied upon writing down their teachings. c. Both Mahavira and the Buddha rejected the idea of ritual sacrifice but upheld the caste system. d. Both Mahavira and the Buddha objected to the ritual sacrifices of animals by the Brahmans.

b. Both Mahavira and the Buddha relied upon the oral transmission of their teachings, whereas the Brahmans relied upon writing down their teachings.

Which of the following reflects a similarity between the Persian and Vedic peoples' ideology of kingship? a. Kings ruled under the mandate of heaven. b. Both peoples' ideologies reflected their pastoral roots, with similar traditions of warrior and priestly classes. c. Both peoples' ideologies reflected their need to conquer large territories to spread their cultures. d. Kings were largely figureheads who ruled as puppets for the priestly class.

b. Both peoples' ideologies reflected their pastoral roots, with similar traditions of warrior and priestly classes.

Which of the following was a characteristic of Olmec cities? a. Cities were large, often encompassing more people than their Afro-Eurasian counterparts. b. Cities had a ceremonial life that revolved around agricultural and rainfall cycles. c. Cities served as political centers from which kings established their authority. d. Cities evidenced little planning or organization in their construction.

b. Cities had a ceremonial life that revolved around agricultural and rainfall cycles.

Which of the following was an important social change during the Warring States period in China? a. The status of peasants fell since they were denied admission into the army. b. Class relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power. c. Gender relations became more flexible as the economic contribution of women increased due to their work in the fields. d. The status of priests declined as both commoners and elites rejected divination in favor of rational analysis of the present.

b. Class relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power.

Which of the following is true for cities in South Asia as well as for cities in Greece and China around 500 BCE? a. Accounting and financial record-keeping had not yet emerged, which limited the growth of financial transactions. b. Coins came into use around this time, which improved commerce in urban areas. c. Population declined because of warfare and invasion. d. City dwellers, compared to rural peasants, had less material wealth.

b. Coins came into use around this time, which improved commerce in urban areas.

Which of the following accurately describes Confucius's teaching? a. Confucius only accepted individuals of noble background as his students, as he believed that peasants were too crude for moral contemplation. b. Confucius set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance of ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character. c. Confucius believed that government work corrupted scholars, preventing them from establishing themselves as moral spokespersons who were removed from political activity. d. Confucius believed that strong, coercive laws and punishments were needed to maintain moral order in society.

b. Confucius set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance of ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character.

Which of the following accurately describes the early integration of Vedic society in South Asia? a. The early Vedic people refused to include indigenous peoples in their lineages. b. Early Vedic political life was organized through kin and clan structures. c. Early Vedic society remained socially unified in order to survive among the indigenous peoples. d. The early Vedic people established a central monarchy that organized the regions by appointing provincial governors.

b. Early Vedic political life was organized through kin and clan structures.

Which of the following correctly describes the breakdown of Olmec culture? a. As the Olmec hierarchies collapsed, the hinterland became depopulated and unproductive. b. In many areas, religious centers were abandoned, but not destroyed. c. The Olmecs fell because of a peasant uprising against the priests and chieftains. d. The Olmecs were defeated in a series of wars with the Maya.

b. In many areas, religious centers were abandoned, but not destroyed.

Which of the following led to upheavals during the axial age in China, South Asia, and Greece? a. Invasions from the sea b. Incessant warfare c. Millenarian movements d. Population loss in urban centers

b. Incessant warfare

Which of the following reflects a major economic difference between sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of Afro-Eurasia? a. Sub-Saharan African agriculture was based on barley, not wheat or rice. b. Sub-Saharan Africa valued labor more than land because of the lack of plow agriculture. c. Sub-Saharan Africa was isolated from trade with the Nile Valley and North Africa. d. Sub-Saharan African land was held by chieftains who parceled it out to tenants to grow crops.

b. Sub-Saharan Africa valued labor more than land because of the lack of plow agriculture.

In addition to iron smelting, the Nok people in West Africa were known for which of the following? a. The Nok developed a sophisticated written script that preserved religious texts. b. The Nok produced terra-cotta figurines believed to have the power to bless the soil. c. The Nok were the only culture to develop agriculture in this region. d. The Nok were isolated and therefore developed a distinct artistic style.

b. The Nok produced terra-cotta figurines believed to have the power to bless the soil.

What led to nomadic warriors on the northern frontiers gradually settling into more peaceful relations with the Zhou? a. The prince of Wu repeatedly defeated the nomads in the steppes with superior weapons and tactics. b. The nomads came to depend on trade with the fertile farmland near the Yellow River. c. The fortified walls of Zhou cities repelled the nomads. d. The Zhou use of diplomacy won the nomads over.

b. The nomads came to depend on trade with the fertile farmland near the Yellow River.

Which of the following describes the rise of kingdoms that emerged in the first millennium BCE? a. They were primarily focused on agrarian production and trade with their hinterlands. b. They conquered existing states and different ethnic groups to become the world's first empires. c. They developed ideologies based on the inclusion of all classes and ethnic groups. d. They had short lives, as they lacked local, popular support.

b. They conquered existing states and different ethnic groups to become the world's first empires.

Which of the following reflects a way that Chavín society achieved cultural unification among its isolated communities? a. They relied strictly on local influences to maintain the purity of their religious beliefs and symbols. b. They shared an artistic tradition manifested in devotional cults focused on powerful animal deities. c. They established a spiritual center in caves on the coast of Peru that echoed with "divine voices." d. They created a common spiritual landscape in an imaginary city that their priests could enter after ingesting hallucinogenic substances.

b. They shared an artistic tradition manifested in devotional cults focused on powerful animal deities.

Which of the following accurately describes the origins of the Kshatriya caste? a. They were descended from Vedic priests and became the highest caste in South Asia. b. They were descended from the most politically powerful clans that entered South Asia, and became rulers of the new land. c. They were descended from agricultural commoners, the original residents of South Asia. d. They were descended from servants and menial laborers, and became the lowest caste.

b. They were descended from the most politically powerful clans that entered South Asia, and became rulers of the new land.

Which of the following correctly characterizes the microsociety of the Israelites? a. The kingdom established by King Saul lasted for many generations. b. Under King Solomon, the Israelites centered their kingdom on the great temple in Jerusalem. c. The Israelites were a hybrid society that merged aspects of the Minoan states with their own traditions. d. Israel served as a trader-state with special status, controlling trade with Egypt under Assyrian authority.

b. Under King Solomon, the Israelites centered their kingdom on the great temple in Jerusalem.

Which of the following characterized warfare among the city-states of the Mediterranean basin? a. Warfare led to consolidation of city-states into territorial empires. b. Warfare fueled new developments in military technology and tactics. c. Warfare was an uncommon feature of relations between the city-states. d. Warfare among the city-states made it more difficult to colonize new territories.

b. Warfare fueled new developments in military technology and tactics.

Which of the following was an aspect of Shang rule that the Zhou adopted in China? a. A state in which the rulers came to power through the designation of oracles b. Direct control of peripheral states through appointed governors c. A patrimonial state centered on ancestor worship d. Queens held complementary power with kings

c. A patrimonial state centered on ancestor worship

Which of the following accurately compares Greek philosophers, such as Socrates, and other axial age thinkers, such as Confucius and the Buddha? a. All believed that true freedom of mind only came after ascetic renunciation of the flesh. b. All believed that ideas were perfect models of abstract concepts that were imperfectly copied in the real world. c. All stressed the importance of honor and integrity over wealth and power. d.All described a vision of a perfect city ruled by philosopher-kings.

c. All stressed the importance of honor and integrity over wealth and power.

In the first millennium BCE, which of the following technologies aided the rise of regional empires? a. Improved riverine vessels b. Wood block printing c. Iron weapons d. Improved ox yoke

c. Iron weapons

Which of the following correctly describes Meroe? a. It borrowed its culture almost exclusively from Egypt. b. It was a "first-generation" society, developing its own culture in isolation. c. It was influenced by the Sudanic polities of sub-Saharan Africa. d. It completely shunned Mesopotamian ideas.

c. It was influenced by the Sudanic polities of sub-Saharan Africa.

What was the physical and social center of a Mediterranean city-state? a. Palace of the king b. Temple to the city's god c. Marketplace d. Administrative offices of the city officials

c. Marketplace

Which of the following was the main source of slave labor in the Mediterranean region? a. Women sold off to pay debts such as taxes b. Offspring of people already enslaved c. People captured in warfare d. Sub-Saharan Africans

c. People captured in warfare

Which of the following Persian innovations was most closely linked to improving agricultural production? a. Satraps directly oversaw grain production b. Harnesses for water buffalo allowed new plowing techniques c. Qanats increased the water supply for irrigation d. A canal linking the Red Sea to the Nile River

c. Qanats increased the water supply for irrigation

Which of the following was an innovation in Greek art that derived from the ways axial age thinkers perceived the place of humans in the cosmos? a. Rejecting decorative arts in favor of intellectual pursuits b. Creating elaborate mosaics of mythical creatures c. Representing naturalistic views of nude human figures d. Creating idealized art to reflect the theoretical realms created by philosophers

c. Representing naturalistic views of nude human figures

What distinguished government in Warring States China from other societies in Afro-Eurasia? a. Rulers rejected advice from and persecuted provincial rulers. b. Rulers valued spontaneity instead of structure and order. c. Rulers forged an alliance with scholarly elites. d. Rulers believed they were free of society's ethical rules.

c. Rulers forged an alliance with scholarly elites.

Which of the following characterizes Laozi's beliefs about government? a. Government posts should not be awarded by rank but should be awarded to those who were best qualified. b. A state should be modeled on a patriarchal family: the ruler respecting heaven while protecting his subjects. c. Rulers should "do nothing" to interfere with the natural process of change. d. Authoritarian rulers should provide strict laws and moral education.

c. Rulers should "do nothing" to interfere with the natural process of change.

What provided the primary unifying structure for South Asian societies? a. Pastoral trade routes b. Gender equality c. The caste system d.The Upanishads

c. The caste system

Which of the following was a characteristic of the Neo-Assyrian administration? a. People who lived in Assyria proper were forbidden from serving in political offices in order to prevent rival factions from emerging. b. People who lived in Assyria proper were heavily taxed and regulated in order to prevent rebellion. c. The conquered people who lived outside Assyria provided tribute that went to the king to support the court and the military. d. The conquered people who lived outside of Assyria were ruled directly by officials appointed by the king.

c. The conquered people who lived outside Assyria provided tribute that went to the king to support the court and the military.

What was a consequence of the defeat of the Persians at Thermopylae and Salamis in 480 BCE? a. Initially the Greeks gained mastery over Anatolia, providing them a base for attacks into the Persian heartland. b. Outlying Persian cities allied with the Greeks in rebellion against the empire. c. The defeat of the Persians quickly led to a permanent Persian withdrawal from Anatolia. d. The balance of power shifted and the Greeks began to lose ground to Persia.

c. The defeat of the Persians quickly led to a permanent Persian withdrawal from Anatolia.

Which of the following correctly defines a relationship between ideology and governance in Assyria? a. The king ruled by the mandate of heaven. b. The goal of the empire was to create cosmic chaos so that the Assyrian gods could defeat the gods of other peoples. c. The national god Ashur commanded all Assyrians to support the endless growth of the empire. d. Assyrian religion supported a king who was a shepherd to his people.

c. The national god Ashur commanded all Assyrians to support the endless growth of the empire.

Which of the following was true of the social structure in most city-states in the Mediterranean basin? a. Adult women were recognized as the public voice of their family's concerns. b. The social equality of the household was seen as a model for social equality in public life. c. The small family unit was the most important social unit. d. Slaves were allowed to participate in political debate.

c. The small family unit was the most important social unit.

Which of the following is true of the Sea Peoples? a. They became known as the Carthaginians. b. They settled in northern Africa, from where they dominated the western Mediterranean Sea. c. They disrupted the social order of the Minoans on the island of Crete. d. They were migrants from southeastern Africa who adopted boats as a primary means of transportation.

c. They disrupted the social order of the Minoans on the island of Crete.

In addition to climate change, which of the following was an important factor that challenged the foundations of states in the first millennium BCE? a. Trade b. Slavery c. War d.Literacy

c. War

The emergence of monotheism amongst the Israelites: a. was rejected by the prophets, who broke off to form splinter groups. b. unified a people who had long rejected all outside cultural influences. c. came after a period of henotheism, in which one god has power and ascendancy over other spirits and deities that still exist. d. was universally encouraged by the priestly elite, who hoped to expand their power by developing a single ethnic community worshipping a single deity.

c. came after a period of henotheism, in which one god has power and ascendancy over other spirits and deities that still exist.

Which of the following is a valid comparison between Mahavira and Siddhartha Gautama? a. Both believed that prayer rituals to the gods must be strictly observed so that the gods would intercede to aid the believer. b. Both believed that by strict adherence to caste rules one might be reborn into a higher caste. c. Both believed that asceticism is the path to permanent bliss. d. Both were Kshatriyas who spent part of their lives practicing asceticism.

d. Both were Kshatriyas who spent part of their lives practicing asceticism.

What was the reason that the domestication of the camel was a major agent of change in overland trade in the first millennium BCE? a. Camels were considered a delicacy and trade in their meat caused an increase in inter-regional trade. b. Camels became farm animals in regions that were too poor to support cattle, permitting the expansion of agriculture. c. Camels became a center of cult worship among nomads, leading them to attack settled regions to spread their new religion. d. Camels facilitated caravan travel across deserts in Afro-Eurasia, encouraging long distance trade between regions.

d. Camels facilitated caravan travel across deserts in Afro-Eurasia, encouraging long distance trade between regions.

During the Eastern Zhou dynasty's Spring and Autumn period, which of the following resulted in a political power shift from the central state to local authorities? a. New interpretations of oracle bones discouraged local gentlemen from supporting the central state. b. New discoveries in hydrology increased the power of rural agriculture. c. New sextants, which allowed local rulers to create accurate calendars without the royal astronomers. d. Cheaper and more abundant weapons, products from new iron smelting techniques.

d. Cheaper and more abundant weapons, products from new iron smelting techniques.

Around 1200 BCE, which of the following was an effect of environmental change in the lands bordering the eastern Mediterranean? a. The Hittites prospered because they controlled the rich agricultural region along the Tigris River. b. Desperate farmers in the Indus River valley migrated westward, settling in Mesopotamia. c. The Mycenaean Greeks used the warmer weather to increase exports of wine and olives. d. Decreased Nile flooding forced pharaohs to secure food supplies and repel invaders such as the Sea Peoples.

d. Decreased Nile flooding forced pharaohs to secure food supplies and repel invaders such as the Sea Peoples.

Which of the following was used to integrate the Neo-Assyrian Empire? a. Internal trade to supply military resources b. Soldiers of different ethnic groups mingled together c. Required work from all families on monumental architecture d. Forced labor and relocation of large numbers of conquered peoples

d. Forced labor and relocation of large numbers of conquered peoples

Which of the following describes the foundation of Olmec culture in Mesoamerica? a. It was built upon previous cultures of Central America. b. It emerged from the large cities where most people lived. c. It developed without the emergence of a priestly class. d. It consisted of decentralized villages that were linked by trade in ritual objects.

d. It consisted of decentralized villages that were linked by trade in ritual objects.

Which aspect of the belief system outlined in the Vedas and Upanishads brought spiritual unity to the northern half of South Asia? a. The Laws of Manu b. The integration of all people into atman c. The Book of the Dead d. Local gods could be easily absorbed into the pantheon

d. Local gods could be easily absorbed into the pantheon

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the role of women in Middle Assyrian society? a. Women who served as support troops in the military were granted special privileges. b. Queens wielded considerable power behind the throne due to the independence granted to them. c. Veiled women were less restricted than in earlier Mesopotamian cultures and enjoyed special privileges protected by law. d. Prostitutes were forbidden to wear veils so that their naked faces would signal their disreputable status.

d. Prostitutes were forbidden to wear veils so that their naked faces would signal their disreputable status.

Which of the following was a response by the Zhou royal house as it began to lose control over regional lords in the ninth and eighth centuries BCE? a. The Zhou managed to hold on to power until a peasant revolt drove the Zhou from their capital. b. The last Zhou rulers allied with northern steppe invaders against local leaders within the empire. c. The Zhou attacked the people of the steppe to try to demonstrate their military power. d. The Zhou introduced ritual reforms and grandiose ceremonies involving bronze vessels.

d. The Zhou introduced ritual reforms and grandiose ceremonies involving bronze vessels.

Which achievement of the Phoenicians had the greatest long-term impact on the Mediterranean world? a. The sextant, which led to the creation of astronomy b. Lateen sails, which improved long-distance trade c. Monotheism, which led to the beliefs of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam d. The alphabet, which permitted more wide-spread literacy

d. The alphabet, which permitted more wide-spread literacy

In what way did Darius I ensure that the satraps actually sent the central government the wealth of the peripheral provinces? a. The satraps could be enslaved if they failed to account for all taxes collected. b. The satraps were only appointed from the most highly respected men of their provinces. c. The satraps were required to leave close family members as hostages in Persepolis to ensure their good behavior. d. The satraps were closely monitored by military officers, tax collectors, and the "eyes of the king."

d. The satraps were closely monitored by military officers, tax collectors, and the "eyes of the king."

What evidence suggests that the four-group caste system of South Asia was based on encounters with people of different complexions and cultures? a. It had its roots in a myth about the meeting of mystical horses, each representing one of the four castes. b. It originated with the Vedic people's nomadic life on the central Asian plains. c. It was uniformly enforced throughout South Asia, putting conquered people in the lowest caste. d. The word Varna means color in Sanskrit.

d. The word Varna means color in Sanskrit.

In what way did Vedic pastoralists adapt to society in South Asia? a. They adopted the language and religion of the local people. b. They developed trading networks in order to obtain much-needed copper. c. They gave up their veneration of horses and substituted veneration of cattle. d. They learned agricultural practices from the local people and developed those.

d. They learned agricultural practices from the local people and developed those.

Which of the following correctly characterizes the Zhou state? a. Zhou rulers sought to control local principalities through military intimidation and threats to withhold grain shipments on the canals. b. The Zhou state monopolized the resources of the region, leaving their opponents without power to oppose them. c. The Zhou state became a regional superpower, dominating nearby kingdoms. d. Zhou rulers relied on culture and ideology, such as the mandate of heaven, to maintain leadership among rival powers within and without its borders.

d. Zhou rulers relied on culture and ideology, such as the mandate of heaven, to maintain leadership among rival powers within and without its borders.

Which of the following contributed to increased agricultural productivity during both the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China? a. Decrease in warfare permitted farmers to work in peace b. Peasants bound to the land as serfs c. Reforestation to provide fuel for farmers d.Crop rotation and oxen-pulled iron plows

d.Crop rotation and oxen-pulled iron plows