ch. 5-6

Tactile cells are described best by which of the following? A. Can be stimulated by light pressure B. Can be stimulated by light touch C. large epithelial cells D. Can be stimulated by heat D. Also called merkel cells

A,B, C, E

If the secretory portion of a gland forms an expanded sac, the gland is called ______?

Acinar

The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood_____ from the periphery of the body to ______ heart.

Away and conserve

In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells, are the stratum _______, stratum _________, and stratum ________.

Basale, spinosum,granulosum

The three recognizable zones along the length of a hair are ___ ?

Bulb, root, and shaft

The integument is the bodies largest organ and is composed of ___ tissue types. A. 3 B. 2 C.All

C

keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation

Cholecalciferol

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are

Cold, Pressure, and vibration

Lines of cleavage ( or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of _______ fiber bundles in the ______?

Collagen and dermis

The specific orientation of _______ fiber bundles in the dermis is a result of the direction of applied______ during routine movements.

Collagen and stress

The cells of a hair follicle walls are organized into two principle concentric layers, an outer ________ tissue root sheath and an inner _______ tissue root sheath.

Connective, epithelial

the stratum _____ consist of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

Corneum

As people age, pigment production in hair follicles _______, and thus hair becomes _____ in color

Decrease, lighter

The ______ contains the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis.

Dermal papillae

The epidermal ridges interdigitate with the

Dermal papillae

The dermis of the skin has an extensive innervation, which refers to the _____?

Distribution of nerve fibers

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the __________ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______.

Epidermis and dermis

True or false: There are two major regions of the dermis; a superficial reticular layer and a deeper papillary layer.

False

True or false: in albinism, the individual usually has white hair, pale skin and pink irises because they dont have melanocytes

False

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as _______?

Fingerprints

what is an area of excessive melanocyte activity

Freckle

what is located on the fingers, palms, soles and toes are formed from large folds and valleys on both dermis and epidermis.

Friction ridges

merocrine

Function in thermo-regulation and excretion

What are the functions of the skin

Heat regulation and barrier to water loss

When _____ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals

Hemoglobin

vasodilation of the dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ________ blood can travel through them

Increase, more

Vasodilation of the dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels _______ so relatively ________ blood can travel through them.

Increases, More

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein _______?

Keratin

which connective tissue cells are derived from monocytes in the blood and reside in the extracellular matrix after leaving the blood?

Macrophages

At the nail root and the proximal end of the nail body, the nail bed thickens to form the nail______

Matrix

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

Merocrine, apocrine

what is caused by an increase of melanocyte numbers

Nevus

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ______ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

Nucleus

what criteria is used to classify epithelia?

Number of cell layers and shape of cells at apical surface

what are the functions of the basement membrane?

Provides physical support, acts as a barrier, anchors the epithelium to connective tissue.

The lining of the larynx consists of what type of epithelial tissue?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

The _____ layer of the dermis consist primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of collagen fibers .

Reticular

Apocrine

Secretes proteins and lipids

Which type of epithelium is in the lining of the lung air sac?

Simple squamous

the ______ of the integument has immune cells

Stratum spinosum/dermis

_____ glands are also called sweat glands

Sudoriferous

True or False: On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

True

True or false: The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both heredity and light exposure.

True

True or false: The epidermis exhibits amoung different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals

True

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm

True

if the body is too warm, the dermal blood vessels_______ so more blood can travel _______ to the surface and excess can be lost.

Vasodilate and close

in children, ________ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body .

Vellus

What is an inherited recessive condition where the enzyme needed to produce melanin is non functional

albinism

what is the yellow-orange pigment acquired from vegetables like carrots, corn and squash.

carotene

cells of cartilage are called

chondrocytes

when the skin is stretched beyond its capacity some ______ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks, which are called ______

collagen and striae

what tissue acts as a "gatekeeper" and regulates the movement of materials in and out of certain body regions.

epithelial

Exocrine

glands that have ducts and excrete their product onto the surface of the skin or into lumen.

what secretes mucin

goblet cells

within the stratum granulosum begins a process called?

keratinization

the mose numerous cells of the epidermis are ______ and the protein they produce is called keratin

keratinocytes

what organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D

kidney, liver and skin

sebaceous

lipid material called sebum

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment producing cells called ?

melanocytes

keratinocytes are present for about _____ month following their formation

one

Hair is found everywhere except for ?

palm of hand, soles of feet, the lips and portion of the external genitals

in anatomy a single hair is called

pilus

Carvernous Hemangioma, sometimes called _____ stains, involve large dermal _____ and may last a lifetime.

port wine and blood vessels

what lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant

sebum

what organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

skin, liver, kidneys

after a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ___________, and it begins to lose its ability to divide

spinosum

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?

spinosum and granulosum

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis keratinized ______________ _______________ epithelium

stratified squamous

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is

stratum corneum

in thick skin there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. this layer is called ______ ______

stratum lucidum

The ________ layer is not part of the integumentary system

subcutaneous

what cells are described as the following: also called merkel cells, large epithelial cells, can be stimulated by light touch and light pressure.

tactile cells

Hair that grows on the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, axilla, and the pubic region is called

terminal hair

What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer ?

thermal insulation, protects the body, acts as an energy reservoir.

True or false: connective tissues function is to support and bind structures together

true

True or false: ground substance is produced by connective tissue cells?

true

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks?

two

The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional _______ weeks?

two

The skin is best describes as

water resistant

The epidermis od thin skin ranges in thickness from _____ mm to ______ mm thick

0.075, 0.150

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between _____ mm thick

0.4 and 0.6

The scalp normally looses between ______ hairs per day

10-100