Ch 5-7 Lab A&P Mastering

Bone is a type of connective tissue, with specialized cells embedded in a matrix. What does the matrix of bone consist of?

Approximately two-thirds of the weight of bone is composed primarily of calcium salts that form hard, brittle crystals of hydroxyapatite. The other major component of the bony matrix is the collagen fibers that provide tensile strength to bone.

How is giantism similar to acromegaly?

Both disorders result from abnormal cartilage and soft tissue growth.

ABCDE is an easy mnemonic device that is used while inspecting suspicious moles for indicators of skin cancer. Which of the following letters is NOT correctly matched with its definition?

D = density

In exfoliative cytology, epithelial cells are removed and examined without any lasting damage to the tissue from which these cells are removed. Why is there usually NO lasting damage?

Epithelial tissue is capable of regeneration.

Alex and his mother both suffer from osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which means the imperfect formation of bone. Which bone cells are responsible for the formation of new bone matrix?

Osteoblasts are the bone cells that produce new bone matrix.

Skin color may have a diagnostic function. Imagine one of your friends has an obvious orange tint to her skin. What would be a logical conclusion of your observation?

She may have a real taste for consuming carrots.

Which type of loose connective tissue provides padding, cushions shock, reduces heat loss, and stores energy? Where are some places in the body this type of tissue is commonly found? (Figure 4-11)

adipose tissue; deep to the skin at sides, buttocks, and breasts

Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?

basal

Skin cancers are the most common form of cancers and they range from benign to malignant. Which of the following types of skin cancers is considered the most common but also the LEAST dangerous?

basal cell carcinoma

Some burn victims benefit from skin grafts cultured from their own skin cells. Which skin cells are the most likely candidates for such a culture?

basal cells

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?

cardiac

In "simple columnar epithelium," which word describes cell shape and which word describes the number of cell layers? (Figure 4-6)

columnar; simple

Which structure typically receives information from other neurons?

dendrite

Exfoliative cytology involves the removal of epithelial cells for examination. Which of the following is NOT a clinical application of exfoliative cytology?

examination of cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack

Alex had incurred previous fractures that were already in the process of healing when he went to the emergency room for his current injury. What is the correct sequence of events in the repair of a fracture?

hematoma formation, callus formation, spongy bone formation, and compact bone formation

Marfan's syndrome is a disorder associated with excessive growth in length of limbs and digits, giving the afflicted individual a tall and lanky appearance. What is the clinical term for bone growth in length?

interstitial growth

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the basic structures of the epidermis-dermis junction.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the cells and fibers of connective tissue proper using diagrammatic and histological views.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the components of the integumentary system.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the melanocyte in the stratum basale of the epidermis.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures found in compact bone.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the types of bone cells.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the types of connective tissue proper.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the types of supporting connective tissues.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the epidermal layers.

look at pic

Drag the labels to classify bones by shape.

look at pic

Drag the labels to identify the structures of a long bone.

look at pic

Drag the labels to identify types of fractures.

look at pic

Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.

look at pic

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the types of epithelia.

look at the picture

Name the bone structure indicated by the arrow.

medullary cavity

A marked loss in strength and elasticity of connective tissue characterizes Marfan's syndrome. Which connective tissue component imparts strength and elasticity?

proteinaceous connective tissue fibers

The dermis is composed of the papillary layer and the __________.

reticular layer

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?

simple cuboidal epithelium

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?

skeletal

In a second-degree burn, the entire epidermis and perhaps some of the dermis are damaged. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with a second-degree burn?

skin grafts

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?

soma

Melanocytes __________.

store melanin in melanosomes

Which epithelium, shown at the end of the arrow, is responsible for protection, secretion, and absorption?

stratified cuboidal

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

stratified squamous epithelium

In which layer of the skin are melanocytes found? (Figure 5-8)

stratum basale

What is the classification of this bone according to its shape?

sutural

Which of the following layers is targeted by liposuction?

the hypodermis

There currently is no cure for OI, and treatments are often aimed at preventing or controlling symptoms. One common treatment is rodding surgery, where a metal rod is inserted into a long bone to strengthen and prevent deformity. Using what you know about the structure of a typical long bone, what part of the long bone is the most likely place for this rod to be inserted?

the medullary cavity of the diaphysis

Healthy skin cells require a constant supply of blood. In decubitus ulcers, or bed sores, this blood supply is hindered because superficial blood vessels are compressed. Which layer(s) of the skin hold(s) such compressed blood vessels?

the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis