Ch. 5 & 6 (SMT 310)

Which of the following is a difference between metals and wood?

Beating wood does not make it hard but beating metal does

How were the springs made more regular?

By melting pieces of steel and making more consistent steel.

What needs to be added to iron, besides carbon, to make stainless steel?

Chromium

One interesting feature of springs is that the restoring force that pulls a spring back to its relaxed position increases if a spring is stretched more. So this relationship between restoring force and amount of stretch is an example of a

Direct relationship

Why are alloys stronger than pure metals?

Dislocations are filled in by doping atom.

Which statement below is true about 'Engineering' ?

Engineering means using verified design principles to craft and manufacture devices for human use.

What important conclusion may we draw from information about the medieval mini ice age?

Global climate is highly sensitive to very small changes in Earth's global average temperature.

The author of the video series (Burke) credits Huntsman with a major advance in steel making while the author of additional readings (Miodownik) credits Bessemer with a revolutionary change in steel making. What were the differences between Huntsman's method and Bessemer's method?

Huntsman melted pieces of laminated steel while Bessemer made steel from molten iron.

The discovery of Jupiter's moons supported a new and crucial idea at the time. What was it?

If Jupiter was the center for its moons then Earth wasn't the center of the universe.

Which kind of radiation is blocked by glass?

Infra-Red Radiation

How did the steam engine change humans genetically?

It allowed humans to traverse long distances quickly that allowed them to marry farther from where they lived, mixing the gene pool.

Which modern technology does chapter 6 end with?

Jet travel

The author mentions that the first craftsmen to build the pocket watch might probably have been locksmiths. Why?

Locks of that time used springs to open and close and early watches were powered by similar springs.

Which modern technology does chapter 5 end with?

Modern mass production mechanisms

Are the terms, 'Science', 'Engineering' and 'Technology' synonymous?

No

What is the difference between 'quartz' and 'glass'?

Quartz has a crystalline structure while glass does not.

What idea did the sword makers of samurai warriors in Japan use to make stronger and sharper swords?

Recognizing different grades of steel by color, texture and sound.

Which choice below is an example of a 'Direct' relationship?

Reducing the price of healthy foods leading to less obesity on a population

The transparent glass window was probably invented by the ______

Romans

Early in this episode, the author gives an interesting justification for humans' belief in Astrology. What is this justification?

Since the position of the Sun, Moon and the Stars always coincided with the seasons it was natural to think that they controlled the seasons and, by extension, our lives.

For most of history, making alloys including steel was more art than science. Why?

Strength of alloys depends on precise ratios of materials being mixed and controlling these ratios was difficult.

Transparent glass perfected by the Romans was constantly improved in Europe. The author mentions that because the Chinese showed no interest in glass they probably missed out on some interesting inventions that use glass. Which were these inventions?

Telescopes

Which people are credited with preserving a vast amount of ancient Greek, Roman and Oriental knowledge?

The Mesopotamians The Arabs

Why does the chimney rate such an important mention in this chapter?

The chimney led to deep and long lasting social stratification.

The author mentions some interesting social and emotional consequences arising out of the widespread use of glass. Which one below did he mention?

The falling cost of mirrors has lead to more narcissistic people in the modern day.

What happens to Visible light once it passes through a glass window and enters a closed room?

The light bounces around, gets converted to Infra-red and gets trapped.

What feature of the pendulum made it a very attractive time-keeping device?

The pendulum never stops swinging.

How does a Steam Engine work?

The steam condenses in the cylinder creating a vacuum that pulls the piston in

Which of the following is a difference between the steam engine and the gasoline engine?

The steam engine is an external combustion and the gasoline engine is an internal combustion engine.

What happens if too much carbon enters the crystal lattice of iron?

The steel becomes too stiff.

Ptolemy's star tables have been mentioned earlier in this series and again early in this episode. What instrument might Ptolemy (or his contemporaries) have used to see the stars?

They observed stars with their eyes without the aid of any magnifying instrument. The Microscope

What was the problem with the springs initially used in clocks?

They were irregular because the steel used was laminated steel

The author shows how modern mass production mechanisms evolved from early ideas of using machines in assembly lines. Which choice below is a feature of a modern assembly line?

Workers on an assembly line do not need to be skilled

Since extremely high temperatures are required to melt sand to make glass, can any natural process occur that makes glass without human intervention?

Yes, lightning strikes can create high temperatures making natural glass.

How did the 'Astrolabe' help early astronomers?

it is used to measure the angular position of the star in the sky fairly accurately

According to the story presented in this chapter, the initial motivation to build an accurate timekeeping device was to

say one's prayers on time get to work on time

Which of the following materials is an alloy?

steel, bronze, brass

Why can metals be bent?

1) Because they have a crystalline structure. 2) Because they have dislocations in their crystals. 3) Dislocations in metallic crystals move allowing the crystals to fold and bend

Which essential idea allows us to explain the change in frequency of light once it bounces?

1. Light has dual character: it can behave like a particle or a wave. 2. For electromagnetic waves like light, Energy and frequency are directly related.

Which of the following ideas was used to create the automobile engine?

1. Voltas' idea of using an electric spark to create an explosion. 2. Using liquid gasoline as a fuel. 3. Using a scent spray to mix fuel with air and spray it into the combustion chamber.

Which other fields owe a lot to the invention and perfection of transparent glass making technologies?

1. Wine and Beer fermentation 2. Chemistry 3. Biology

What was the trigger event in this episode?

A change in the weather that led to the medieval mini ice age