Ch. 5 & 7 PSYCH

Allison is a rock star, so flashing cameras are a big part of her life. Her pupils respond to the click of a camera by contracting slightly, even when a flash is not being used. This contraction of her pupils in the absence of a flash is an example ____.

A conditioned response

Fred recently watched a TV program that recounted the health histories of people who have hypoglycemia. Getting headaches was one of the symptoms from which they all suffered. The next day, Fred developed a severe headache and suspected he might be suffering from hypoglycemia. Fred's suspicion may have been prompted by _____.

An availability heuristic

Advertisers who show products being used by attractive models may be applying _____.

Classical Conditioning

Which of the following is an advantage of bilingualism?

Better metalinguistic skills

Marta believes that children's cognitive abilities are influenced by their parents' genes. Saundra believes that parenting practices are an important determinant of children's intelligence. Which one is correct?

Both

According to the linguist, Noam Chomsky, the sentence, "Lucy loves playing tennis" and "Playing tennis is something that Lucy loves"

Differ only in surface structure

Lori's dad is in a bad mood having just learned that he is scheduled to be laid off from his job next month. Seeing this mood, Lori decides not to ask him to stop for ice cream on the way home from school. In this situation, her dad's mood might have served as a ______.

Discriminative stimulus

During a recent faculty meeting, Dr. Jarman suggested several different workable options for a problem that has been plaguing the psychology department for several months. Dr. Jarman exhibited _______.

Divergent Thinking

When a rat has learned to press a lever in order to terminate an unpleasant stimulus, such as a loud noise, what type of learning has taken place?

Escape

Toya's young song, Troy, had a habit of nagging and throwing tantrums while in stores. Toya learned from a parenting book that she should ignore the tantrums. When she did so, the tantrums diminished significantly and subsequently disappeared altogether. Troy's behavior change is an example of ____.

Extinction

A teacher gives his class a quiz every Friday. The teacher is attempting to influence his student's study habits by using a _____ schedule.

Fixed-Interval

If a child was adopted as an infant and never had contact with his or her biological parent, the child would likely develop an IQ that ______.

More closely resembled the biological parents

Dr. Jones provided his psychology class with an outline of the major structure of the CNS. Such outlines are ______.

Formal concepts

Practical uses for research on taste aversions include all but which of the following?

Helping restaurant streamline menu offering

Denny is quite fearful of going to the dentist. Over time, he has noticed that he becomes anxious at even the smell of the dentist's office. Every step Denny takes, right up until the dentist starts to drill a tooth, seems to cause muscle tension and anxiety. Denny is experiencing _____

Higher-Order Conditioning

Jason is unsuccessfully trying to train his dog to salivate at the sound of a tone. However, Jason doesn't always follow the tone with the presentation of food. Jason's design violates which factor that influences classical conditioning?

How reliably the conditioned stimulus predicts the unconditioned stimulus

Mike has to carry a king-sized mattress to an upstairs bedroom. At the top of the stairs, he must make a 90-degree turn to get to the bedroom. In his mind, he is formulating a strategy for manipulating the mattress in such a way as to make the turn. Mike is using ______.

Imagery

Chad has decided to retile his kitchen floor in a design that is similar to one that he saw in a magazine. in researching the project, Chad must decide how to take up the old floor, what kind of tile to use, and so on. In making decisions relevant to the project, Chad is using which strategy?

Means-end analysis

Julia is 35 years old and lives at home with her parents. She has the academic skills of a 1st grader and an IQ score of 47, but she is able to do chores at a local workshop. Julia has _____ retardation.

Moderate

Researchers have argued that all but which one of the following have contributed to increases in intelligence test scores (the Flynn effect)?

Increased access to educational TV programs

Which of the following is the best example of observational learning?

Ingrid saw poorly until she noticed the efficient stroke of the man in the next lane; now her swimming is greatly improved.

What is meant by the law of effect?

Learning results when a heavier leads to a desirable consequence

If a test yields close to the same score when taken by the same individual on different occasions, the test is said to be ____.

Reliable but not necessarily valid

Which of the following is an example of the partial-reinforcement effect?

Roy spends hours playing poker online because he always thinks his next hand will be a winning one.

As a child, Rudy was attacked by a dog and subsequently developed a severe fear of them. Rudy is now an adult. While walking in a park, he recently saw a dog who was barking ferociously. He felt slightly fearful even though the dog was on a leash and clearly under his owner's firm control. Rudy's fear response is an example of _____.

Spontaneous recovery

All cats have whiskers. Fluffy is a cat. Fluffy has whiskers. This is an example of ______.

Syllogism

Rudy scores high on math ability tests but only gets average scores on verbal ability tests. His pattern of scores supports _____ theory of intelligence.

Thurstone's

Which statement best sums up research on learning from video games?

Video games can be effective teaching tools.

Dr. Rylander is a child psychologist who assesses intelligence in children younger than 6. Which of the following intelligence would he most likely administer to a 5-year old child?

WPPSI

Lucy won't wear a jacket that is trimmed with artificial fur because seeing fur of any kind triggers the same feeling of panic she felt when, as a 5-year-old, her face was severely and repeatedly scratched by a cat. Which of the following experiments is most similar to the incident with the cat affecting Lucy's behavior?

Watson's experiment with Little Albert

Resthaven Hospital awards points to patients on the basis of their cooperation with the staff and participation in therapy sessions. Patients can exchange the points for enjoyable activities such as playing video games, watching TV, and using the hospital's gym. Resthaven is using _____ in an effort to increase patients' cooperation and participation.

a token economy

Which of the following has been proposed to explain the differences in academic achievement levels between Asian and American students?

differences in teaching strategies

Positive reinforcement tends to ____ the probability of a response, and negative reinforcement tends to _____ the probability of a response.

increase; increase

Tameka has just received her driver's license and is now ready to drive to the mall. Although she's never driven to the mall, Tameka knows the way. The fact that Tameka can drive herself to the mall suggests that _____ has occurred.

latent learning

Which one of the following is NOT considered a component of emotional intelligence?

the ability to suppress our emotions