Ch. 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.2?

It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis

Which of the following statement is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5.5?

It results in a peptide bond

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) the probability of finding chitin in fungal cell walls (B) The probability of finding chitin in arthropod exoskeletons

Item (A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B)

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship

Item (A) is greater than item (B)

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The probability that amino acids with nonpolar side chains are hydrophobic. (B) The probability that amino acids with side chains containing a carboxyl group are hydrophobic.

Item (A) is greater than item (B)

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The number of cis double bonds in saturated fatty acids (B) The number of cis double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids

Item (A) is less than item (B)

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in cellulose (B) The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in starch

Item (A) is less than item (B)

Roger Kornberg used this method for elucidating the structure of RNA polymerase

X-ray crystallography

What is a triacylgylcerol?

a lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and pentose sugar

Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following

a steroid

What method did Frederick Sanger use to elucidate the structure of insulin

analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments

Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they

are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

as a disaccharide

Which of the following uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a protein's three-dimensional structure?

bioinformatics

A molecule with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆ is probably a

carbohydrate, lipid, and monosaccharide

On food packages, to what does the term "insoluble fiber" refer?

cellulose

What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?

chaperonin

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

chitin

All of the following contain amino acids except

cholesterol

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

contains one less oxygen atom

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

cytosine and uracil

What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

dehydration reactions

The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?

denaturation

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

different side chain (R groups) attached to an alpha carbon

A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape is a (an)

disulfide bond

a molecule with the formula C₁₈H₃₆O₂ is probably a

fatty acid

Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to

function in the sythesis of protein

Which of the following is not a polymer?

glucose

All of the following are polysaccharides except

glycogen

The enzyme amylase can break gylcosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the a form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

glycogen

In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to

guanine

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?

guanine and adenine

Which of the following descriptors is true of the molecules shown in Figure 5.1?

hexose and glucose

Human can digest starch but not cellulose because

human have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose

Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?

hydrogen bonds

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism

is more closely related to frogs than to humans

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

it is a major structural component of plant cell walls

Which of the following is a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules?

lipids

If 2 molecules of the general type in Figure 5.1 were linked together, carbon 1 of the molecule to carbon 4 of the other, the single molecule that would result would be

maltose

Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.3?

molecules of the type are usually liquid at room temperature

The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except

monosaccharides

Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

nucleic acids

Altering which of the following levels of structural organization could change the function of a protein?

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Enzymes are

proteins

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following?

removal of a water molecule

The hydrogenation of vegetable oil results in which of the following?

saturated fats and unsaturated fat with trans double, an increased contribution to atherosclerosis, and the oil (fat) being a solid at room temperature

The alpha helix and the pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?

secondary

What is the structure shown in Figure 5.4?

steroid molecule

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?

tertiary

Which of the following statements about 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?

the 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

the phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken

What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids?

the primary structure of the protein would be changed, the tertiary structure of the protein might be changed, the biological activity or function of the protein might be altered

Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?

the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of water

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

the release of a water molecule

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose

they are both polymers of glucose

Which of the following statements is false for the class biological molecules known as lipids?

they are soluble in water

Why are sex hormones considered to be lipids?

they are steroids, which are not soluble in water

Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?

they are the principal molecules in lard and butter

All of the following statements concerning saturated fats are true except

they have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids

Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds?

triacyglycerides, polysaccharides, proteins

The tertiary structure of a protein is the

unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide

The molecule shown in Figure 5.3 is a

unsaturated fatty acid

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

10

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines

120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules

How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids?

20¹²

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5' ATTGCA 3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

3'TAACGT5'

If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

40

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptides bonds are present in this protein?

99

The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH₂-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is -CH₃. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded proteins?

Alzheimer's, Parkinson's

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

C₁₈H₃₀O₁₅

Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

DNA→RNA→proteins

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers and macromolecular synthesis occurs through the removal of water and digestion occurs through the water


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

CT image production post course assessment

View Set

Chapter 19: Postoperative Nursing Management

View Set

Ch. 25: Assessment of Cardiovascular Function

View Set

Real Estate Mid Term Study Questions

View Set

Anatomy and Physiology- Chapter 11 Lab

View Set