Ch 5: Water & Seawater

In the open ocean, average seawater salinity is ___________.

35%

In the high latitudes, there is a prominent and well-developed thermocline.

False

The heat capacity of water is lower than that of most other substances.

False

Which of the following terms describes a rapid change in salinity with depth?

Halocline

What accounts for all the unique properties of water?

Its unique geometry causes the water molecule to have a resulting electrical polarity.

A layer of rapid change of ocean density with depth is called a ___________.

Pycnocline

In water vapor, there is no interconnectedness of individual water molecules (no hydrogen bonds).

True

Latent heat can be absorbed or released only as water undergoes the process of changing state (e.g., as water changes from a liquid to a solid).

True

The density of seawater increases with ________ in temperature and ________ in salinity.

a decrease; an increase

Where is the salinity of ocean surface waters HIGHEST?

about 25 degrees north or south of the equator

Most processes that affect the ocean's salinity occur ___________.

at the ocean surface

What kind of seawater is densest?

cold, high salinity

Each hydrogen atom shares its single electron with electrons in the oxygen atom. Which type of bond is this?

covalent bond

h2o+co<-> h2co3<->[h+]+[hco+]<->2[h+]+[co32-] As Co in the water increases, pH __________ and the water becomes __________ __________.

decreases; more acidic

Which of the following INCREASES the salinity of seawater?

evaporation of seawater

There is no pycnocline in _______ latitude regions because _____________.

high-; the water column is uniformly cold and dense

Which type of bond holds adjacent water molecules together?

hydrogen bond

The Red Sea has ____________ water because of large amounts of ______________.

hypersaline; evaporation

No thermocline exists in high-latitude regions because there is little temperature difference between the top and bottom of the water column. In such a situation the water column is said to be ________. Group of answer choices

isothermal

In an atom, the nucleus is composed of _____________ and _____________, and the ____________ orbit very quickly around the nucleus.

protons; neutrons; electrons

______ is the proportion of the salts dissolved in a 1000 g (1kg) sample of water.

salinity

The fact that ice is less dense than water—which causes ice to float—is due to ___________.

the molecular packing of bulky ice crystals