Ch 51 Reading Quiz
In the territorial behavior of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male elicits attack from another male by functioning as Select one: a. a sign stimulus. b. a pheromone. c. a fixed action pattern. d. an imprint stimulus. e. a search image.
a
Loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no new information is called Select one: a. habituation. b. conditioning. c. imprinting. d. spacing. e. adapting.
a
A type of learning that can occur only during a brief period of early life and results in a behavior that is difficult to modify through later experiences is called Select one: a. operant conditioning. b. imprinting. c. trial-and-error learning. d. habituation. e. insight.
b
What type of signal is fast and requires daylight with no obstructions? Select one: a. auditory b. visual c. tactile d. olfactory e. electrical
b
Which of the following is a behavioral pattern resulting from an ultimate cause? Select one: a. A male robin attacks a red tennis ball because hormonal changes in spring increase its aggression. b. A male robin attacks a red tennis ball because it confuses it with an encroaching male who will steal his territory. c. A male robin attacks a red tennis ball because several times in the past red tennis balls have been thrown at it, and it has learned that they are dangerous. d. A male robin attacks a red tennis ball because it resembles the breast of another male. e. A male robin attacks a red tennis ball because a part of its brain is stimulated by red objects.
b
Which of the following is true about imprinting? Select one: a. It causes behaviors that last for only a short time (the sensitive period). b. It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli. c. It is a type of learning that does not involve innate behavior. d. It happens to many adult animals, but not to their young. e. It occurs only in birds.
b
Which of the following statements is (are) true of fixed action patterns? Select one: a. An inappropriate stimulus can sometimes trigger them. b. A, B, and C c. They are triggered by sign stimuli in the environment and, once begun, are continued to completion. d. They are highly stereotyped, instinctive behaviors. e. A and B only
b
A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn. What term best applies to this behavior? Select one: a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. imprinting d. sign stimulus e. habituation
c
A type of bird similar to a chickadee learns to peck through the cardboard tops of milk bottles left on doorsteps and drink the cream from the top. What term best applies to this behavior? Select one: a. habituation b. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning d. imprinting e. sign stimulus
c
Animals that help other animals of the same species are expected to Select one: a. have excess energy reserves. b. have defective genes controlling their behavior. c. be genetically related to the other animals. d. be bigger and stronger than the other animals. e. be male.
c
Learning in which an associated stimulus may be used to elicit the same behavioral response as the original sign stimulus is called Select one: a. trial-and-error. b. habituation. c. classical conditioning. d. concept formation. e. operant conditioning.
c
Sow bugs become more active in dry areas and less active in humid areas. This is an example of Select one: a. cognition. b. taxis. c. kinesis. d. net reflex. e. tropism.
c
The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection, a theory maintaining that Select one: a. companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other. b. natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants. c. genes enhance survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes. d. aggression between sexes promotes the survival of the fittest individuals. e. critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen, like other traits, through natural selection.
c
What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night? Select one: a. electrical b. auditory c. olfactory d. visual e. tactile
c
Which one of these concepts is not associated with sociobiology? Select one: a. inclusive fitness b. parental investment c. associative learning d. kin selection e. reciprocal altruism
c
You turn on a light and observe cockroaches scurrying to dark hiding places. What have you observed? Select one: a. visual communication b. operant conditioning c. taxis d. learned behavior e. migration
c
Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. Joe then rolls on the ground on his back, gets up, and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Choose the most specific behavior described by this example. Select one: a. fixed action pattern b. learned behavior c. territorial behavior d. agonistic behavior e. social behavior
d
Which of the following is a behavioral pattern that results from a proximate cause? Select one: a. A male sheep fights with another male because it helps it to improve its social position and find a mate. b. A cat kills a mouse to obtain food. c. A cockroach runs into a crack in the wall and avoids being stepped on d. A female bird lays its eggs because the amount of daylight is decreasing slightly each day. e. A goose squats and freezes motionless because that behavior helps it to escape a predator.
d
A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called Select one: a. an inducer. b. a marker. c. an agonistic chemical. d. an imprinter. e. a pheromone. Correct
e
What type of signal is brief and can work at night or among obstructions? Select one: a. electrical b. visual c. olfactory d. tactile e. auditory
e
Which of the following is true of innate behaviors? Select one: a. Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. b. Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals. c. Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. d. Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. e. Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions.
e
