Ch 6: Cell Function / Ch 7: Cell Growth & Development
a hypertonic solution is one that contains a greater concentration of solute than the cell the same concentration of solute than the cell a lesser concentration of solute than the cell none of the above
a greater concentration of solute than the cell
endocytosis is a form of which transport
active transport
membrane pumps are an example of which type of movement? gravity hydrostatic pressure active transport passive transport
active transport
the "uphill" movement of a substance through a living cell membrane is osmosis diffusion active transport passive transport
active transport
the citric acid cycle is anaerobic aerobic
aerobic
the electron transport system is anaerobic aerobic
aerobic
most enzymes are specific in their action can alter their function by changing shape are synthesized as inactive proenzymes all of the above
all of the above
protein synthesis is required for cell growth begins with reading of the genetic code influences all cell structures all of the above
all of the above
a molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called allosteric effector kinase anabolic agent proenzyme
allosteric effector
is glycolysis anaerobic aerobic
anaerobic
during which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes split into halfs
anaphase
during which stage of mitosis do you see the first signs of the cell dividing (cytokinesis)
anaphase
during which stage of mitosis does the cleavage furrow begin to develop prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
anaphase
in which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers? anaphase metaphase prophase telophase
anaphase
the phase of mitosis known as the apart phase is
anaphase
what is the 3rd stage of mitosis
anaphase "apart"
glycolysis is aerobic true false
false
osmosis is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles true false
false
the "lock and key" model is used to describe how DNA base pairs align true false
false
viruses do not contain DNA or RNA true false
false
facilitated diffusion is a metabolically expensive process true false
false, its inexpensive
which movement always occurs down a hydrostatic pressure gradient? osmosis filtration dialysis facilitated diffusion
filtration
mature sex cells are called ____
gamete
the name of mature sex cells are
gametes (sperm and ova)
all of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the tissue typing genome gene genetic code
genome
1st stage of cellular respiration
glycolysis
during which stage of cellular respiration is glucose broken apart into two pyruvic acid molecules
glycolysis
what is the 1st stage of cellular respiration?
glycolysis
23 chromosomes is the ____ number
haploid
the force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as facilitated diffusion hydrostatic pressure hypostatic pressure none of the above
hydrostatic pressure
a saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than living red blood cells would be hypotonic hypertonic isotonic homeostatic
hypertonic
a red blood cell becomes engorged with water and will eventually lyse, releasing hemoglobin into the solution. the solution is ____ to the red blood cell hypotonic hypertonic isotonic homeostatic
hypotonic
when a cell is not experiencing mitosis and is "between phases" it is said to be in
interphase
mitosis
is the process of organizing and distributing DNA during cell division
cytokinesis
is the splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two cells
which of the following is NOT true of RNA it is a single strand it contains uracil, not thymine the base pairs are A-U and G-C it contains deoxyribose sugar
it contains deoxyribose sugar
during which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible
prophase
during which stage of mitosis do the spindle fibers form
prophase
during which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to disappear?
prophase
what is the 1st stage of mitosis
prophase
when a cell begins to divide, it is said to be in the before phase, or
prophase
the correct order of mitosis is
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
enzymes are fats proteins carbs minerals
proteins
glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that begins with glucose and ends with oxygen filtration pyruvic acid sodium
pyruvic acid
aerobic
requires oxygen
a DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except double-helix shape obligatory base pairing ribose sugar phosphate groups
ribose sugar
the site of translation
ribosome
hypertonic
solution that causes cells to shrink
hypotonic
solution that causes cells to swell
molecules that are acted upon by enzymes are known as diploid hypertonic introns substrates
substrates
transcription can be best decribed as the synthesis of DNA synthesis of any RNA molecules reading of any mRNA codons by tRNA entire set of DNA
synthesis of any RNA molecule
the type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a base pair-specific amino acid
tRNA
which form of RNA transfers free floating amino acids to the ribosome to be placed into the prescribed sequence?
tRNA
during which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope rebuild itself and DNA return to its original form
telophase
the phase of mitosis known as the completion phase is
telophase
what is the 4th stage of mitosis
telophase
which stage of mitosis is the completion stage
telophase
meiosis
the cell division that occurs onlly in primitive sex cells before they mature
the 3rd step in cellular respiration the electron transport system transcription Krebs cycle glycolysis
the electron transport system
interphase
the growth phase between cell divisions
process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides
transcription
the genetic code for a particular protein is passed from DNA to mRNA by a process known as transcription translation interphase genome
transcription
the process that occurs once the DNA strands have separated and joined with the RNA nucleotides is called?
transcription
the synthesis of an mRNA molecule is in result of
transcription
the process involving the movement of mRNA with respect to the ribosome
translation
the process involving the production of polypeptide chains at the ribosome and translating it into the genetic code is called?
translation
the synthesis of proteins by ribosomes using info coded in the mRNA molecule is called translation transcription replication crenation
translation
a blood disease caused by the production of abnormal hemoglobin is known as sickle cell anemia true false
true
atrophy refers to a decrease in cell size true false
true
cell death due to injury or a pathologic condition is known as necrosis true false
true
cellular secretion can be achieved by exocytosis true false
true
genetic disorders are mutations in a cells genetic code true false
true
protein anabolism is a major cellular activity true false
true
solutes are particles dissolved in a solvent true false
true
the citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle true false
true
the portion of an enzyme molecule that chemically "fits" the substrate molecule is referred to as the active site true false
true
the site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm true false
true
the sodium-postassium pump is an example of an active transport process true false
true
the three processes that compose cellular respiration are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport system true fasle
true
isotonic
two fluids that have the same potential osmotic pressure
which form of RNA regulates the mRNA leaving the nucleus?
vRNA (vault)
an example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is the white blood cells red blood cells muscle cell bone cell
white blood cells
anaerobic
without oxygen
where in the cell does the electron transport system take place?
cristae of the mitochondria
splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two during cell reproduction is called mitosis meiosis anaphase cytokinesis
cytokinesis
where is the cell does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
osmosis is the ___ of water across a selectively permeable membrane filtration equilibrium active transport diffusion
diffusion
46 chromosomes is the ____ number
diploid
DNA is what shape
double helix
the shape of a DNA molecule is referred to as a _____
double helix
during which stage of cellular respiration is ATP made?
electron transport system
what is the 3rd stage of cellular respiration?
electron transport system
phagocytosis goes hand in hand with
endocytosis
pepsin is an
enzyme
nucleic acids are synthesized directly on the DNA molecule with the help of enzymes prophase neoplasms lipids
enzymes
transcription takes place where within the cell
nucleus
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrance in the presence of at least one impermeant solute is referred to as diffusion osmosis phagocytosis dialysis
osmosis
diffusion is a form of which transport system
passive transport
movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is active transport passive transport cellular energy concentration gradient
passive transport
molecule able to diffuse across a particular membrane
permeant
the trapping of bacteria by specialized white blood cells is an example of pinocytosis exocytosis phagocytosis none of the above
phagocytosis
"cell drinking"
pinocytosis
which of the following is NOT a passive transport process? dialysis osmosis filtration pinocytosis
pinocytosis
in naming enzymes, the root name of the substance is followed by the suffix -ase -cin -ose -ous
-ase
equation for cellular respiration
1 glucose + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
how many stages in mitosis are there?
4
what base pairs does DNA consist of?
A (adenine) - T (thymine) C (cytosine) - G (guanine)
what base pairs does RNA consist of?
A (adenine) - U (uracil) C (cytosine) - G (guanine)
the energy required for active transport processes is obtained from ATP DNA diffusion osmosis
ATP
cell reproduction is sometimes referred to as the A phase R phase M phase X phase
M phase
translation can be inhibited or prevented by a process called cytokinesis cell division RNA interference meiosis
RNA interference
what is the name of the enzyme that assists in transcription when making RNA
RNA polymerase
if a strand of DNA has a base sequence of AGGC, the complementary pair for that strand will be TCCG CCTG TTCG TUUG
TCCG
catabolic
breaks down, produces energy
anabolic
builds up, requires energy
enzymes that add or remove carbon dioxide
carboxylases
facillitated diffusion
carrier-mediated passive transport
glycolysis is catabolic anabolic
catabolic
enzymes that cause essential chemical reactions to occur are called metabolic agents catalysts substrates initiators
catalysts
where in the cell does the citric acid cycle take place?
center of the mitochondria
during which stage of cellular respiration does the pyruvic acid convert into acetyl coenzyme (CoA)
citric acid cycle
which cycle is also referred to as Krebs cycle?
citric acid cycle
what is 2nd stage in cellular respiration?
citric acid cycle/Krebs cycle/TCA cycle
a sequence of 3 base pairs forms a code word referred to as a ______
codon
in the DNA molecule, a sequence of 3 base pairs forms a codon anticodon polymerase none of the above
codon
uracil-adenine
complementary base pair
the DNA molecular structure allows only two combinations of bases to occur. this is known as _____
complementary base pairs
if the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid were AUCGA, which of the following statements would be true? the nucleic acid would contain deoxyribose it is a strand of DNA it is a strand of RNA it will remain in the nucleus of the cell
it is a strand of RNA
which of the following statements is NOT true of glycolysis it occurs in the cytoplasm its also known as Krebs cycle it is anaerobic glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two pyruvic acids
its also known as Krebs cycle
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of RNA it is single-stranded it contains uracil, not thymine the obligatory base pairs are A-U and G-C its molecules are larger than those of DNA
its molecules are larger than those of DNA
which of the following activates enzymes by means of an allosteric effect? end product inhibition kinases substrate pepsin
kinases
the type of RNA that carries info in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid
mRNA
_____ is the type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells
meiosis
a type of cell division that occurs only primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells is mitosis meiosis gamete differentiation
meiosis
aquaporins are a type of
membrane channel
protein "tunnels"
membrane channels
during which stage of mitosis does each pair of chromatids attach to a spindle fiber
metaphase
in which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align themselves across the equator
metaphase
the position-changing phase of mitosis is
metaphase
the spindle fibers attach to each chromatid during which stage of mitosis prophase anaphase telophase metaphase
metaphase
what is the 2nd stage of mitosis
metaphase
the Krebs cycle takes place in the ribosome cytoplasm mitochondria golgi apparatus
mitochondria
