CH 6 MGMT 4306

In the context of the issue of unequal access in the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) union certification process, one of the possible reforms to ensure equal opportunity for unions is to _____.

provide unions the right to hold captive audience meetings

is a strike launched by employees to coerce an employer to acknowledge their union.

recognition strike

Elections that answer questions of whom the employees want to represent them are known as

representation elections

Before conducting a certification election, the National Labor Relations Board should verify that the petition filed by a union or group of employees for the election is supported by a demonstration of _____ among the employees.

sufficient interest

In the context of the different interpretations of the statutory definition of the term "supervisor" stated in the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), match the types of interpretation (in the left column) with their possible impacts (in the right column).

A loose interpretation - Many workers could be seen as supervisors. A strict interpretation = Fewer workers would be excluded from the protections of the NLRA.

Which of the following are the likely initiators of a union organizing drive? (Check all that apply.)

An employer A union One or more employees

What is the fundamental legal standard for representation elections held by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)?

Employee free choice

Which of the following are the usual justifications for employer campaigning during National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) representation elections? (Check all that apply.)

The employers' property rights provide them the right to take part in the union election process. Employers need to represent the antiunion employees and deliver their message.

Which of the following is true as per the statutory definition of supervisors stated in the National Labor Relations Act?

The exercise of the duties and authority of a supervisor requires the use of independent judgment.

Match the models that explain individual attitudes toward unionization (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

The frustration model - This model is based on the assumption that only dissatisfied employees or those upset about perceived workplace injustice will think about unionizing. The utility maximization model - This model suggests that rational employees will consider unionization if it improves their well-being and if its benefits are far greater than its costs.

Identify the option generally availed by employees when employers declined their request for voluntary recognition of a union during the pre-National Labor Relations Act era.

They increased the pressure on employers to coerce them to change their stance.

is used by the National Labor Relations Board in a nonunion location to ascertain if a majority of employees want to become unionized—that is, to designate a specific union as their bargaining agent.

certification election

A social context that leads to support for unionization is likely one in which there are _____.

leaders who can effectively frame grievances as collective injustices needing solidarity to redress

In the context of employer campaigning, captive audience meetings are appropriate if _____.

they comprise facts, opinions, or experiences

The employer's free speech provision in the National Labor Relations Act does not allow threats and promises because _____.

they obstruct employee free choice

The degree to which an individual thinks a union will be successful in improving the workplace is called

union instrumentality

The National Labor Relations Board requires a minimum of _____ employee support to establish sufficient interest for conducting a representation election.

30 percent

Identify the significant aspects of a supervisor's role in relation to the statutory definition provided by the National Labor Relations Act. (Check all that apply.)

A supervisor has the authority to hire, assign, transfer, promote, discipline, and discharge employees. A supervisor is expected to responsibly direct employees. A supervisor acts in the interest of his or her employer.

Which of the following are considered unacceptable employer campaigning efforts? (Check all that apply.)

A visit to an worker's home by a representative of the employer to request his or her support An exchange between a supervisor and an employee wherein the employee's views of unionization are discussed

In the context of the union organizing process, identify the step that immediately follows the initiation of an organizing drive.

Building support

Identify the significance of delay as an employer tactic during campaigns for National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) representation elections. (Check all that apply.)

Employee turnover may lead to a decrease in the number of union supporters. It gives the employer more time to campaign against the union.

In the context of representation elections, identify the clearest violations of the National Labor Relations Board's laboratory conditions doctrine. (Check all that apply.)

Discriminating against employees based on their union support Influencing or forcing employees Forming a company-dominated sham union

Identify a true statement about the use of employer restrictions as a campaign tactic against unions.

Discriminatory implementation of no solicitation rules is considered an interference with workers' right to form unions.

In the context of employer campaigning, match the groups (in the left column) with their opinions on captive audience meetings (in the right column).

Employers - They argue that the meetings are based on property and free speech rights. Unions - They criticize that the meetings give the opposite group an unfair benefit in communicating with, and probably coercing, the employees.

Instead of workplace access, once a representation election is scheduled, a National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) rule requires employers to give the union a list of names, addresses, and available personal email addresses and phone numbers of the employees eligible to vote in the election. This is called a(n)

Excelsior list

True or false: Demographic factors such as age and gender have a significant influence on individual voting decisions of U.S. workers.

False

True or false: Looser interpretations of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) are supported by the labor movement as a way of strengthening employee rights to form labor unions.

False

In the context of the union organizing process, which of the following are involved in the determination of the appropriate bargaining units by the National Labor Relations Board? (Check all that apply.)

Grouping employees who share a community of interest Grouping employees in accordance with their geographical locations

Which of the following is true of the significance of social aspects of the workplace to pro-union support?

High workplace solidarity and collective social identity among workers translate into pro-union support.

Identify the National Labor Relations Board's (NLRB's) view on the use of company e-mail systems for campaigning purposes by employees.

In 2014, the Obama-appointed NLRB ruled that employees are allowed to use company e-mail systems for non-business purposes during non-work time.

Which of the following actions are likely to be considered violations of the National Labor Relation Board's laboratory conditions standard? (Check all that apply.)

Increasing wages before an election Threatening to suspend operations if a union wins an election

In the context of employer campaigning, which of the following actions of mangers are known by the acronym TIPS? (Check all that apply.)

Intimidating employees Making promises to employees Threatening employees Spying on employees

Which of the following are true of the servicing model of union representation? (Check all that apply.)

It considers unionism an "us versus them" adversarialism. It views the union as a source of protection for employees.

Identify a true statement about union instrumentality.

It is believed to be one of the most reliable predictors of union support.

Which of the following are true of the organizing model of union representation? (Check all that apply.)

It requires the direct involvement of workers in solving their own problems. It considers unions as vehicles for the participation and the empowerment of workers.

In the context of the union organizing process, which of the following is true of building support for unionization?

It usually entails meeting interested employees outside the workplace and distributing information.

Which of these passive campaign tactics is most likely to be used in the servicing model of union representation?

Mailings and handbilling

Identify a true statement about certification elections conducted by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).

Most certification elections have a single union on the ballot.

Identify the true statements about decertification elections conducted by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). (Check all that apply.)

Most decertification elections result in a workplace going from union to nonunion. A few decertification elections derecognize the existing union and certify a new union as the bargaining agent of employees.

Which of the following is true of the alternatives to voluntary recognition of unions in the present day?

Most questions about union recognition are resolved through National Labor Relations Board representation elections.

Identify the campaign tactics used in the organizing model of union representation. (Check all that apply.)

One-on-one personal contact Rallying to create collective identity

In the context of the criticisms of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) union certification process, identify the possibilities of reform to ensure equal access. (Check all that apply.)

Outlawing employer captive audience meetings Requiring a specific number of campaign debates

Which of the following is significant for deciding whether disgruntled employees would vote in favor of a union?

Perceptions about unions in general

Elections that answer questions of whom the employees want to represent them are known as

REPRESENTATION ELECTION

Which of the following is true of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) requirements for conducting representation elections?

The NLRB does not allow more than one election in a 12-month period.

Identify the true statements about the requirements of the National Labor Relations Board to conduct a union recognition election. (Check all that apply.)

The NLRB must determine the occupations and geographical areas involved in a certification election. The NLRB does not authorize a decertification election when a valid collective bargaining agreement is in place.

Which of the following changes transformed the union certification process established by the National Labor Relations Act into a lengthy procedure? (Check all that apply.)

The Supreme Court let employers to demand a secret ballot election, even if majority status confirmed by signed authorization cards is not in doubt. The Supreme Court and Section 8(c) of the Taft-Hartley Act explicitly permitted (noncoercive) employer participation in the certification process.

Which of the following is true of the significance of collecting signed authorization cards?

The cards show employees' interest in unionization to union organizers, the employer, and if required, the National Labor Relations Board.

In the context of the union organizing process, identify the true statements about the conduct of representation elections held by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). (Check all that apply.)

The elections usually take place at the worksite of employees. The elections are supervised by the NLRB officials.

In the context of employer campaign tactics, which of the following is true of an employer's use of no solicitation rules?

The employer can use its private property rights to prevent third parties or groups from communicating with employees at the workplace.

According to the 2014 decision of the Obama-appointed National Labor Relations Board, what should an employer do to restrict its employees from using the company e-mail system for campaigning purposes? (Check all that apply.)

The employer should show that campaigning via the company e-mail system causes a substantial usage cost. The employer should prove that e-mail campaigning efforts affect production and workplace discipline.

Which of the following is true of the representation election rules implemented by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) in 2015 to make the election process more efficient?

The new rules allow the postponing of hearings on some issues until after elections.

Identify the important requirements for translating job dissatisfaction and utility maximization features into votes for unionization. (Check all that apply.)

The social environment of the workplace must be favorable to unionization. Employees should not have unfavorable views about unions in general. Employees should feel that the union will be helpful in improving things in the specific workplace.

Employer-initiated organizing drives Employee-initiated organizing drives Union-initiated organizing drives

These drives are unlawful as they impede the free choice of employees. These drives may be an attempt by disgruntled workers to form a union by themselves or contact a union organizer who works for an existing union in their area, industry, or occupation. These drives involve advertising, distributing information, and reaching out to employees to show the advantages of unionization.

Identify a true statement about the campaign tactics used in the organizing model of union representation.

These tactics focus on grassroots involvement.

Identify an argument raised by union supporters about employer campaigning during National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) representation elections.

They argue that union representation concerns only workers, and employers should not be given rights as formal participants in the process.

Which of the following is true of the contemporary options available to employees when employers refuse their request for voluntary recognition?

They petition the National Labor Relations Board for an election to decide if the union has majority support.

Strategic campaign Opportunistic campaign

This involves efforts to organize a particular workplace in order to improve a union's ability to efficiently represent existing employees. This involves efforts of a union to increase its membership by organizing dissatisfied workers who are "'ripe" for unionization but who lack a strategic fit with the existing membership.

True or false: Election delays are often favorable to employers because employees' views of union instrumentality may be weakened as the union appears helpless to resist the legal moves of employers.

True

True or false: The acronym FOE refers to employer campaigning efforts that involve presenting employees with facts, opinions, and personal experiences about unions.

True

True or false: When the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) deems that election campaigning or other conduct causes employees to vote differently from their actual preferences, the election results will be discarded, and a new election will be held.

True

Which of the following is true of the campaign measures of labor unions?

Unions are allowed to contact employees or visit them at home.

Which of the following are advantages of union campaign tactics that replicate Saul Alinsky's "iron rule of organizing"? (Check all that apply.)

Volunteer rank-and-file organizers have better access and are better connected with their coworkers. Widespread use of rank-and-file organizers helps build strong local union organization.

Why was the union certification process established by the National Labor Relations Act in 1935 initially a great success? (Check all that apply.)

Workers could petition the National Labor Relations Board for a democratic determination of whether a majority of workers favored unionizing. Firing union supporters was deemed illegal.

In the context of the union organizing process, rank the steps involved in the voluntary recognition of a labor union.

a union collects a neutral party an employer

The group of occupations and locations relevant to the certification election is referred to as the

appropriate bargaining unit

is a preprinted form containing something like "I authorize [union name] to represent me for the purposes of collective bargaining" which employees fill out and sign.

authorization card

In the context of factors that influence individual voting decisions, perceptions of employees toward unions in general concerns _____.

broader images of unions

is a group meeting held in the workplace during working hours in which employees are forced to listen to management's antiunion and pro-company presentations.

captive audience meeting

or a majority sign-up procedure.

card check recognition

The most important type of representation election is a _____, which decides whether a labor union will be verified as the bargaining agent of the employees.

certification election

is a type of election conducted by the National Labor Relations Board to determine whether a majority of unionized employees no longer wish to be represented by their union.

decertification election

When the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) believes that a union had majority support but extreme employer misconduct has eroded this support and made an election pointless, the NLRB issues a(n)

gissei bargaining order

The first step in the union organizing process is _____.

initiation

also known as the General Shoe

laboratory conditions doctrine