Ch 6 Skin Care Products: Chemistry, Ingredients, and Selection (Fundamentals)
What are hydrators?
Ingredients that attract water to the skin's surface.
What are astringents?
Liquids that help remove excess oil on the skin.
What is coenzyme Q10?
antioxidant
Which ingredients can be used to treat dehydrated skin?
humectants
What is not a step to successful retailing?
prepare a business plans with high mark-ups
What is general percentage markup for retail products in a salon?
100 percent
To receive the gluten-free label, the product must have less than _____ parts per million of gluten.
20
What is true about fragrance-free products?
No additional ingredients have been added to provide a fragrance.
What is mechanical exfoliation?
Physical method of rubbing dead cells off the skin.
What is an ampoule?
Small, sealed vial
What is the vitamin of which retinol is the natural form?
Vitamin A
What vitamin has not been used in skin care products as an antioxidant?
Vitamin B
What are ceramides?
a family of lipid materials
What type of product does not sometimes include alcohol?
astringent
What are ingredients derived from plants called?
botanicals
What is a good way to determine actual product costs?
break down the purchase price into daily and weekly costs
When treating sensitive skin, you want to find products with what type of ingredients?
calming
What are peptides?
chains of amino acids
What plant extract has calming and soothing properties?
chamomile
What is a chelating agent?
chemical added to improve the efficacy of the preservative
What are liposomes?
closed-lipid bilayer spheres
What is the term for substances such as mineral dyes that give products color?
color agents
What term refers to products intended to improve the skin's health and appearance?
cosmeceuticals
What is not an area requiring approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
cosmetic manufacturing
This type of product is not tested on animals at any stage of the production process.
cruelty-free
What do clay masks do as they dry and tighten?
draw impurities to the surface
What is the most important part of any treatment or home care regime?
effective for a person's individual needs
Which ingredient would not be used to treat combination skin?
exfoliant
What is papaya used for?
exfoliation
What term refers to skin-freshening lotions with a low alcohol content?
fresheners
What function do fragrances perform?
giving products their scent
What term refers to an exfoliating cream that is rubbed off the skin?
gommage
What is not a consideration when choosing a product line?
how many colors does it come in
If you are trying to prevent further darkening of pigmented areas, then you are most likely treating which skin condition?
hyperpigmented
Which products are less likely to cause allergic reactions?
hypoallergenic
What are performance ingredients?
ingredients that cause actual changes in the appearance of the skin
What determines the quality and effectiveness of professional products?
ingredients' source and the manufacturing process
What function do preservatives perform?
inhibit the growth of microorganisms
What are lakes?
insoluble pigments
What is a possible advantage of synthetic ingredients over natural ingredients?
less ecological footprint
What are fatty acids?
lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats
What is not among the purposes of functional ingredients in cosmetic products?
making products affordable
Which term is often used loosely because there is no specific legal definition?
natural
What do emulsifiers cause to mix in order to form an emulsion?
oil and water
What describes natural-sourced ingredients that are grown without the use of pesticides or chemicals?
organic
What are botanicals made from?
plants and herbs
What are alpha hydroxy acids?
products that exfoliate by loosening bonds between dead cells
What are detergents a type of?
surfactant
What is aromatherapy?
therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils
What is not true of polymers?
they are botanicals
What is not a reason to have a thorough understanding of skin care products?
to create your own products
What is the goal in treating dehydrated skin?
to retain inner moisture by preventing TEWL
This type of product does not contain any animal ingredients or animal by-products.
vegan
When is the salon responsible for a client's allergic reaction to a product?
when the product is purchased in bulk and repackaged by the salon
When is a manufacturer responsible for a client's allergic reaction to a product?
when the product is taken directly from the manufacturer's packaging
