Ch 6 - SOC585

anticipatory socialization within African American communities: are you still one of us?

instead of challenging our intelligence and potential to achieve, this feedback focuses on what we may lose by pursuing academic careers work life balance- the black lady it represents black women as educated, independent, yet of masculating and alienating

triple jeopardy

people who face multiple disadvantages in society (old, female, minority)m

hidden curriculum

the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school

organizational anticipatory socialization

the process an individual goes through as they attempt to find an organization to join

Patricia H. Collins

▪ Women's experiences, particularly black women's experiences according to Collins' black feminist epistemology, become the criterion of meaning. ▪ Women's daily lives create forms of knowledge that "rest in the women themselves (not in higher authorities), and are experienced directly in the world (not through abstractions)" (Collins 2000, 259). ▪ Women's representations of themselves speak truths, and how they derive those truths should be analyzed to substantiate their being as knowers. Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge.

assumptions

❤️1) no matter how we frame our research agenda perspective, employers think our work will be connected to African American women 2) we are here to nurture and mentor other students of color, regardless of their majors or career interests 3)❤️ we will incorporate race and gender into the courses we teach, despite the fact that many of us have no coursework on our transcripts related to these issues 4) we will enthusiastically serve on any committee with the word diversity in the title 5) we are well equipped to deal with students from underprivileged backgrounds who are not as well prepared for college as they should be the first and third assumptions work towards women of colors advantage

vocational occupational socialization

after choosing our career, we learn about these occupations through education and internships for marginalized others, these experiences often serve as mechanisms for learning. how colleagues and supervisors will treat us once we enter these professions. African American women learned that they will have to deal with stereotypes, dominant social groups, being perceived as a caregiver, token, or angry black woman.

Ways of Knowing

an assortment of methods used to acquire new knowledge, including tradition, authority, trial and error, and intuition

challenges of resistance strateg

cause to publish extra mannerscripts, travel to additional conferences to present work.

dialectal tensions

conflicts between two important but opposing needs or desires

anticipatory organizational socialization

describes the process by which people learn their professional roles in their occupational settings socialization into organizations consist of the following stages anticipatory socialization - consists of messages received and process from numerous sources prior to choosing a career. assimilation exit

Don't shut down theoretical thinking. open it up

develop the capacity for theoretical thinking, so you are learning. not only theories, but how to bring new insights to your own analysis of the world around you Open up the idea of who is a theorist. Robin Kelly said" it expanded the definition of who constitutes a theorist, the voice of authority speaking for black women, to include poets, blues, singers, storytellers, painters, mothers, preachers, and teachers"

anticipatory career socialization as outsiders

instead of being socialized into our careers, colleges and universities can socialize us out of our desired occupations

Double estrangement

p 262

Vide Bierstedt

"Sociology can liberate the mind from time and space themselves and remove it to a new and transcendental realm where it no longer depends up these Aristotelian categories"

Black Feminism - Patricia H. Collins

Black Feminism - Patricia H. Collins The Interlocking Nature of Oppression ▪ Gender, race, and class are interconnected ▪ Society has attempted to teach black women that racism, sexism, and poverty are inevitable ▪ Keep black women oppressed ▪ Awareness will help black women unite their fight against oppression and discrimination The Importance of African-American Women'sCulture ▪ Efforts to redefine and explain the importance of Black women's culture ▪ Uncovered new Black female experience ▪ Identified social relations where Afro-American women pass on essentials to coping with oppression.

black feminism, understanding identity negotiation

Colin says, a subordinate group not only experiences a different reality than a group that rules, but a subordinate group me interpret that reality differently than a dominant group.

Dorothy Smith

Dorothy Smith Concept of bifurcation ▪ "conceptual distinction between the world as we experience it and the world as we know it through the conceptual frameworks that science invents" ▪Believes mainstream sociology has not touched on women's experiences ▪Suggested a reorganization that is sociology for, rather than about, women ▪ Leads to a bifurcated consciousness or an actual representation ▪States that subjective reality is the only way to know human behavior ▪ Interviewing, recollection of work experience, use of archives, observation, etc. Women as Knowers Through Everyday Life ▪ Focus on how the insights from the everyday experiences of women can be used as knowledge that may be solicited to counter institutionalized hegemonic knowledge, knowledge that is used by the oppressor for domination. ▪ Women's experiences are knowledge, but these experiences are used as a starting point to investigate the social influences upon those experiences. Ruling Relations ▪ The subject and her knowledge must be understood in terms of the "ruling relations" that are part of everyday experiences. ▪ Ruling relations are "...that extraordinary yet ordinary complex of relations that are textually mediated, that connects us across space and time and organize our everyday lives - the corporations, government bureaucracies, academic and professional discourses, mass media, and the complex of relations that interconnect them" (Smith 2005, 10). ▪ They are ever present as coordinators of a subject's activities, yet they are rarely identified as such. Ruling relations are taken as the natural order of things.

Early Feminist Theorists

Early Feminist Theorists (you may be interested in a book by Lengermann & Niebrugge (2007) called, The Women Founders: Sociology and Social Theory 1830-1930. Harriet Martineau, Marianne Weber (yes, spouse of Max Weber), Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Anna Julia Cooper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman. From the classical roots of feminist theory to modern ones, domination is the practice that maintains inequality.

Feminist Standpoint Theory

Feminist Standpoint Theory ▪ Epistemological and methodological response to white, male hegemonic ways of thinking and doing science that typically ignore the experiences of women of all racial backgrounds.▪ Knowledge can be gained from the insights derived from the lived experiences of women. ▪ Being socially disadvantaged provides a lens through which to understand systems of domination and oppression - "...there is good reason to believe vision is better from below the brilliant space platforms of the powerful"(Haraway (2003, 394). ▪ Understand the experiences of women as a socially disadvantaged group based on gender, but also to understand women's experiences in relation to and as interconnected with other ways of being socially situated.▪ The social experiences of a college-educated African-American lesbian will differ from the experience of a poor Latina single mother although their non-attachment to a male partner is a commonality.

Positionality

One's social location or position within an intersecting web of socially constructed hierarchical categories, such as race, class, gender, sexual orientation, religion, nationality, and physical abilities

standard learning in the school system

Paolo ferrero describes standard learning in the school system as the, "banking" model of education which students threw up nuggets of wisdom passed on by their teachers. At the end of the course, students open the bottom. they're piggy banks and hand back those coins in the form of correct answers on an exam.

Feminist Standpoint Theories

Patricia Hill ▪ Using women's experiences as a form of knowledge provides a critical perspective with which to view power relations ▪ There is not one "women's experience"; women's experiences are complicated by oppression based on their race and class locations, sexuality, or ethnicity, thereby creating a "matrix of domination." This matrix of domination provides for a heterogeneity of experiences, allowing these experiences then to be substantiated according to contingencies of time and place. In the view of Collins (2003) then, heterogeneity of experiences also provides for the understanding of privileges as they intersect with oppression. ▪ In the previous example, the education status of the African-American lesbian may function as a privilege in the context of her giving a presentation on her work, but she may simultaneously meet with resistance or discrimination because of her race.

The first & and second difficulty of women in a sociological world

The FIRST difficulty is how sociology is thought - its methods, conceptual schemes, and theories - has been based on and built up within the male social universe (even when women have participated in its doing). It has taken for granted not just that scheme of relevances as an itemized inventory of issues or subject matters (industrial sociology, political sociology, social stratification, etc.) but the fundamental social and political structures under which these become relevant and are ordered. the SECOND difficulty is that the two worlds and the two bases of knowledge and experience do not stand in an equal relation. The world as it is constituted by men stands in authority over that of women. The two difficulties are related to one another - the effect of the second interacting with the first is to impose the concepts and terms in which the world of men is thought as the concepts and terms in which women must think their world. Hence, in these terms, women are alienated from their experience. (pg 256)

Social Theory

The aim of social theory is to make the complex web of social relations. we negotiate everyday visible to us. they create a map of social relations, a blueprint ​

bartell ollman

The problem here arises from the fact that reality is more than appearances, and that focusing exclusively on appearances, on the evidence that strikes his, immediately and directly, can be extremely misleading.

identity negotiation

The process we used to define and understand our sense of self as we interact with others. this process is inheritantly communicative since discursive encounters with peers and family and community members impact the way we form, maintain, and modify our identities in various contexts. the process that occurs when both participants in an encounter reach agreement about the role of each person

identity negotiation from the margins: resisting projected notions of identity

resist negative notions of our sense of self and professional lives through constructing and participating in safe spaces and creating social change relationships with mentors, friendships groups and family members are safe spaces also utilizing create ways to be included in academia through research and teaching

transcendental

supernatural; going beyond normal experience

Abstraction

unnecessary details are filtered out so that the key elements of the system stand out. map The process of abstraction is always about choosing what to leave in and what to leave out of the picture as well as how the features of maps will be depicted in relation to each other. these are made from particular standpoints that tend to be reflected in the shape of the abstraction. The process of categorization always involve abstraction characteristics that are central to the process of abstraction. three dimensions to the process of extraction extension - describes the specific limits and time and space that bound a particular abstraction level of generality- can range from the most specific, emphasizing the features that set a particular phenomenon apart, to the most general, emphasizing those features shared with other entities. vantage point- describes the perspective built into each abstraction that necessarily views reality from a particular location

Bifurcation of Consciousness (Dorothy Smith)

uses this term to refer to a separation or split between the world as you actually experience it and the dominant view to which you must adapt (e.g., a masculine point of view).