Ch 7 Assessment
A ____ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.
friendship
With regard to the level of behavioral control parents assert over children, research finds that a(n) ____ amount of control is best for children.
moderate
Which of the following is one of the benefits to a child of having a new baby brother or sister come into the home?
Many older siblings enjoy helping their parents take care of a newborn.
According to Baumrind (1975, 1991), the four distinct parenting styles do NOT include which of the following?
egalitarian
Many countries in ____ have a strong cultural prohibition against using physical punishment with children.
Europe and Asia
Who is MOST likely to abuse his child?
Joe, who is socially isolated from friends and relatives
All things being equal, which of the following children is MOST likely to have older siblings?
Joe, who is very popular with his peers and who is very innovative
The ____ child in a classroom is liked by some classmates, and disliked by other classmates, but in neither case is there a high level of intensity to those feelings.
average
Cornelius is an elementary school child whose parents are having a conference with his teacher. "I've noticed," his teacher says, "that Cornelius is both intensely liked and disliked by several of his peers." Based on this observation, Cornelius would be regarded as a(n) ____ child.
controversial
Jeanette has a rather large group of peers, both boys and girls, with whom she shares some common interests. This group is known in the school as the "musicals," and they all participate in choir, band, or orchestra. They frequently get together to play music, discuss performances, or just hang out. In this example, the "musicals" are a ____.
crowd
Preschool children's thinking is ____, and they frequently have difficulty seeing the world from another's point of view
egocentric
As a typical parent in Latin America, Maria would place great emphasis on developing a strong sense of ____ in her children.
family ties
A dominance ____ refers to the ordering of individuals within a group in which group members with lower status defer to those with greater status.
hierarchy
As a "neglected" child, you would expect Juno to be ____ by her peers.
ignored
____ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal.
instrumental
Anjali's parents are divorced. Anjali spends weekends with his father and the rest of the week with his mother. In legal terms, this arrangement describes
joint custody
Sexual abuse and physical abuse are both types of
maltreatment
For children, peer rejection in childhood can have serious long-term consequences, including all EXCEPT which outcome?
medical problems like cancer
Maryann's mother asks her to go clean up her room, and Maryann promptly ignores the instruction. Her mother asks her again, and the outcome is the same. After a third attempt, this time with a bit of volume, Maryann starts whining that she doesn't want to clean up her room. Her mother finally gives up and says, "Fine, if you want to live in a filthy room, that's your choice." Maryann's mother has inadvertently increased the likelihood that Maryann will whine when asked to do a chore via the
negative reinforcement trap
Solomon lives only with his mother. He has never known his father. His mother wants very much for him to "like" her, and worries that if she disciplines him he will come to resent her. She is very loving with Solomon, but rarely asserts any control over his behaviors. Solomon's mother is providing him with ____ parenting.
permissive
Kanza and Ranna are classmates whose parents are both originally from Iran but who moved to the United States before the children were born. They are very good friends, spend a lot of time together at school, and often get together to socialize on weekends. One day a new student joins their class, and Kanza immediately sends a note to Ranna saying, "Look at that new white girl. I bet she isn't going to want to play with us!" Kanza's assumptions about the new classmate based strictly on her skin color demonstrate
prejudice
____ refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group.
prejudice
Research has found that when junior and senior high school students are confronted with peer pressure to behave in clearly antisocial ways, such as stealing, they typically
resist
According to the theory of Robert Selman, in the ____ stage of perspective taking, usually seen between the ages of four and nine years, children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information.
social-informational
"I'd really like to stay home all day and lounge on the sofa eating chips and watching television," Denny says to himself. "I really shouldn't do that, though, because others might think it is foolish to stay inside on such a beautiful day." Denny's evaluation of his plan reflects the ____ level of perspective taking in Selman's theory.
societal
Helen is upset because she thinks that her teacher views her argument with Mary as being silly. According to Selman, Helen is most likely in the ____ stage of perspective-taking.
third-person
By the time she graduates high school, the average American teenager has spent the equivalent of ____ watching television.
two years
P.J.'s parents provide neither warmth for him nor control of his actions. They do not spend much time with him, and they do give him much opportunity for any real emotional bonding with them. According to Baumrind (1975, 1991), P.J. is receiving ____ parenting.
uninvolved
All EXCEPT which of the following have been found to be associated with watching television?
An increased likelihood of volunteering in one's community.
Which of the following represents your authors' position regarding the use of physical discipline with children?
As long as physical punishment of children is considered to be acceptable and effective, children will continue to be abused.
Which is the most effective way for parents to reduce the negative impact of divorce on a child?
Don't view the love of your child as a competition between you and your ex-spouse.`
Which of the following is one of the two components of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy?
Helping parents build warm and positive relationships with their children.
Which BEST describes the relationship between parenting styles and children's temperaments?
Parenting styles may develop as the result of temperament.
Young Matthew is growing up in a neighborhood where most of the families are similar to himself—white, Jewish, and middle class. His parents are happy that he has such exposure to others who share their religious and cultural backgrounds, but they are concerned that he will develop prejudice toward people who are different than himself. Which of the following tips would you give them to reduce this concern?
When it is time for him to go to school, consider schools where there is more diversity among the children. Exposure to others who are different tends to reduce prejudice.
Younger children tend to describe other people in terms of
concrete features, such as behaviors
Research described in your chapter has noted that by increasing the ____, one of a child's most important interpersonal resources, parents can help the child experience better adjustment after his/her parents' divorce.
mother-child relationship quality
Research examining oft-made criticisms of television-watching in children has found that
simply watching television does not do harm to a child's ability to pay attention
If you were advising a friend on the benefits or harms of allowing her young children to watch television, you would be most correct if you informed her that the most important factor in this question is
the content of the programs that children watch.
The most striking similarity between the effects on children of watching television and the effects on children of playing video games is that
the content of what is watched or played is what determines the ultimate outcome of these activities.
Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles?
warmth and responsiveness & parental control