Ch 7: Bones Part I: Axial Skeleton (Check Understanding #1-19)

Which paranasal sinuses are located along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity? What type of membranes lines all the paranasal sinuses?

Ethmoidal air cells air cells & maxillary sinuses are located in lateral walls of nasal cavity. All other sinuses are lined with mucuous membranes

Define the sternal angle. Which rib articulates with the sternum at this landmark?

Sternal angle is junction between manubrium & body of sternum; Rib 2 articulates here

What does the superior articular process of a vertebra articulate with?

Superior articular process of a vertebra articulates with inferior articular process of vertebra just superior

How can you distinguish thoracic vertebra T12 from lumbar vertebra L1?

T12 has costal facets on its vertebral body while L1 doesn't

What four bones articulate with the left parietal bone? Name the sutures that join these bones to the left parietal bone

The 4 bones that articulate with the left parietal bone are the right parietal bone via the sagittal suture; frontal bone via coronal suture; left temporal bone via squamous suture; occipital bone via lambdoid suture

Name one feature that is unique for all cervical vertebrae

All cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen

What are the alveolar margins & on what bones are they located?

Alveolar margins are the superior margin of the mandible & the inferior margin of the maxilla that contain the teeth in the alveoli (sockets)

Why do intervertebral discs usually herniate in the posterolateral direction?

Because posterior longitudinal ligaments prevent direct posterior herniation thus most herniations occur in the posterolateral direction

When & how do the secondary curvatures of the vertebral column develop?

Cervical curvature develops at 3 months; lumbar curvature develops around 1 year

Which of the bones that form the orbit are cranial bones? Which are facial bones?

Cranial bones contributing to the orbit are frontal, sphenoid, & ethmoid bones; facial bones contributing to the orbit are lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic, & palatine bones

For each feature listed, name the bone that contains the feature: Crista Galli, mastoid process, nuchal line, sella turcica, supraorbital foramen, & zygomatic process

Crista Galli: On the ethmoid bone Mastoid Process: On temporal bone Nuchal Line: On occipital bone Sella Turcica: On sphenoid bone Supraorbital Foramen: On frontal bone Zygomatic Process: On the temporal bone

Which skull bones form as 2 individual that fuse during childhood to form a single bone in the adult?

Frontal bone & mandible

Name the bones that form the anterior cranial fossa

Frontal, Ethmoid, & Sphenoid Bones

What bones or bony processes form the hard palate?

Hard palate is formed from horizontal plates of the palatine bones & palatine processes of the maxillae

What specific features of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the head of a rib? Where does the tubercle of a rib articulate?

Head of the rib articulates with superior & inferior costal facets of thoracic vertebra; Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse costal facet

What bones form the nasal conchae? What is the function of these structures?

Nasal Conchae are formed from the ethmoid bone (superior & middle) & the inferior nasal concha. Conchae create turbulence in incoming air & function to warm, moisten, & filter air

What portion of the intervertebral discs expands under compression? What portion resists twisting forces?

Nucleus pulposus, the inner core of the intervertebral discs, expands under compression. Outer rings of fibrocartilage, anulus fibrosus, function to resist twisting forces

Name all the bones that articulate with the maxilla

Zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal, lacrimal, ethmoid, & inferior nasal concha

What part of the vertebra form the median sacral crest?

fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae