Ch 7 Quiz Child Psychology

Claire, a 4-month-old baby, does not recognize herself in mirrors or pictures. If she is like most babies, she will develop physical self-recognition and self-awareness by the age of ________ months.

18 to 24

Self-awareness usually emerges by about ________ of age.

2 years

In the context of early emotional responses of children, laughter is a smile-linked vocalization that becomes more common between ________ when it may signify the most intense positive emotion.

4 and 12 months

Which of the following statements about temperament is correct? Temperament, once set, rarely changes. Studies have found strong links between infant temperament and childhood personality at age 7. Temperament is acquired and is primarily influenced by the external environment. Temperament is fully formed at birth.

???? NOT Temperament is acquired and is primarily influenced by the external environment.

Which of the following is true of peer relationships among preschoolers? Beginning at about 4 years, children begin to conform to peer pressure. Children between ages 2 and 4 usually like to play with older children. Preschoolers tend to idolize disruptive, demanding, intrusive, or aggressive children. Preschoolers usually show no particular interest for playmates of the same sex or gender.

Beginning at about 4 years, children begin to conform to peer pressure.

Whenever she gets a chance, 2-year-old Brenda applies her mother's cosmetics on her face and watches herself in the mirror. She has learned to do this by imitating her mother. Which of the following is true of Brenda?

Brenda has a well-developed sense of self-recognition.

Which of the following is true of shared intentionality and collaborative activities in children? Children begin to collaborate with caregivers in joint activities between 9 and 12 months of age. Children who show the tendency to share tend to help and comfort others. Collaborative activities decrease during the second year of life as toddlers become more adept at communication. The motivation to help and share and the ability to understand others' intentions develop between 3 and 4 years of age.

Children begin to collaborate with caregivers in joint activities between 9 and 12 months of age.

Which of the following is true of committed compliance? It is a child's eager willingness to cooperate with a parent in a variety of situations It is often seen in children whose mothers used forms of negative control during infancy It requires direct intervention of parents It tends to increase with age

It tends to increase with age.

Which of the following is true of committed compliance? It requires direct intervention of parents. It is often seen in children whose mothers used forms of negative control during infancy. It tends to increase with age. It is a child's eager willingness to cooperate with a parent in a variety of situations.

It tends to increase with age.

Which of the following is true of the factors involved in the success of socialization? Children who have mutually responsive relationships with their mothers at the age of 2 tend to be less likely than other children to show moral emotions in early school age. Ambivalent attachment seems to foster committed compliance and conscience development in toddlers. Two-and-a-half-year-olds whose mothers give in to their requests are better able to resist temptation at age 3 than children whose mothers bargain with them. Parents who talk to their 18- to 30-month-old children about emotions tend to have toddlers who are quicker to help others.

Parents who talk to their 18- to 30-month-old children about emotions tend to have toddlers who are quicker to help others.

Which of the following statements is true of relationships with siblings in infancy and toddlerhood? Sibling conflict often inhibits children's ability to learn how to fight, disagree, and compromise. Sibling conflict increases dramatically after the younger child reaches about 18 months of age. Sibling rivalry is the main pattern between brothers and sisters early in life. Constructive conflict is rarely seen between siblings till they are teenagers.

Sibling conflict increases dramatically after the younger child reaches about 18 months of age.

Who among the following illustrates internalization of parental values and rules? Wren, who climbs onto the kitchen counter to reach the cookie jar Janos, who opens the desks in which his father keeps his office papers Marilyn, who her puts toys back in the toy box before going to watch cartoons Jason, who returns a box of toys he forcibly took from a classmate after being scolded by his teacher

Who among the following illustrates internalization of parental values and rules?

Self-regulation is defined as

a child's independent control of their behavior to conform to social expectations.

Baby Ellen is suspicious of strangers, throws tantrums frequently, and has irregular patterns of waking and sleeping. Which of the following kinds of temperament does she have? an easy temperament an aroused temperament a difficult temperament a slow-to-warm-up temperament

a difficult temperament

A(n) ________ is a type of smile that develops between 8 and 10 months in which an infant smiles at an object and then gazes at an adult while continuing to smile.

anticipatory smile

In the context of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlerhood is identified as the ________ stage.

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Sally is 2 years old. She insists on dressing herself even if she puts on her clothes the wrong way. In the context of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Sally is most likely to be in the stage of

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Tony rarely cries when his mother leaves and is not eager to greet her when she returns. In the context of the attachment patterns identified by Mary Ainsworth, Tony appears to be

avoidant

Arya is a 2-year-old girl. She plays with her toys, and after some time, she puts them back in their boxes as she is aware that her mother expects her to do so. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this scenario?

committed compliance

Which of the following forms of attachment is likely to be exhibited by infants who lack a cohesive strategy for dealing with Strange Situation stress? avoidant attachment ambivalent attachment disorganized-disoriented attachment secure attachment

disorganized-disoriented attachment

Carmen, an infant, rarely has trouble eating, falling asleep, and waking up according to her routine. She tends to be joyful and is also friendly with new people. Carmen is most likely a(n) indifferent child easy child difficult child slow-to-warm-up child

easy child

Which of the following emotions is a self-conscious emotion? distress joy anger embarrassment

embarrassment

Which of the following emotions is a self-conscious emotion? embarrassment anger distress joy

embarrassment

Which of the following is a defining feature of altruistic behavior? helping a person as a social exchange transaction having no expectation of reward helping a person in the family engaging in collaborative activities routinely

having no expectation of reward

Which of the following is an explanation of inhibition in children as explained by Kagan?

high degree of excitability of the amygdala ????

Sixteen-month-old O-Huang is about to touch an electric outlet, but she then says "No!" and pulls her finger back. In this scenario, O-Huang is demonstrating

negativism

Which of the following statements about infants and emotions is true? Infants cannot communicate positive emotions as their only mode of communication is crying. Infants cannot express emotions for about a month after birth. Infants cannot understand emotions such as low self-worth. Infants cannot display self-conscious emotions until 4 years of age.

not the last one ????

In the context of the Strange Situation technique, which of the following is a good way to measure the attachment between a mother and a baby?

reaction of the baby when the mother returns after being separated for a while

According to Mary Ainsworth, which of the following is a pattern of attachment exhibited by infants?

resistant attachment

Imani readily leaves her mother to explore her surroundings, occasionally looking toward or touching her mother. In the context of the attachment patterns identified by Mary Ainsworth, Imani appears to be

securely attached

A child's conscious knowledge of the self as a distinct, identifiable being is called

self-awareness

A 9-month-old infant who cries when her mother leaves is most likely exhibiting

separation anxiety.

One-year-old Lazlo's parents take him to his grandmother as they need to go out. When they are about to leave, Lazlo starts to fuss and cry. In this scenario, Lazlo is demonstrating

separation anxiety.

Babies with disorganized-disoriented attachment tend to

show contradictory, repetitive, or misdirected movements and emotions.

Margo and her husband Frank have a 3-month-old daughter, Tina. They love watching Tina smile when they enter the nursery. In this scenario, Tina's parents entering the nursery elicits a(n) ________ on her part. social smile laugh involuntary smile windy grin

social smile

Shida is an 8-month-old infant. When her mother's cousin comes to visit and holds her, she starts crying. In this scenario, Shida is exhibiting

stranger anxiety

Research on intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns has shown that

the way adults recall their early experiences with their own parents is likely to influence the way they respond to their own children.