Ch 7 Quiz

Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is

encoding.

What are complex, inborn behaviors that do not have to be learned better known as?

instincts

Free recall of the stimulus list "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns?

"apple, cherry, plum, shoe, coat, lamp. chair pants"

Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning?

Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio

The medial temporal lobe (MTL), involved in memory consolidation, includes all of the following structures EXCEPT the

Amygdala

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?

Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

Donald Hebb proposed that memory is represented in the brain by structural changes in all of the following EXCEPT the

Neurotransmitters

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ____ in LTM.

Retrieval cues

What hormone is thought to be responsible for praire voles' monogamy?

Vasopressin

What fraction of the light spectrum is visible to us?

less than a ten-trillionth

From the behavior of H.M., who experienced memory problems after a brain operation, we can conclude that the hippocampus is important in

long-term memory acquisition

How many people out of a hundred experience synesthesia?

one

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.

remote

According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrieval of.

remote, episodic memories

Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on

the number of vowels in a word

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that

when a memory is reactivated, it becomes fragile, just as it was immediately after it was formed

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of _______ in forming reliable long-term memories.

An organizational complex during learning

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called...

Transfer-appropriate processing

The elaborative rehearsal task of learning a word by using it in a sentence is generally most effective if the generated sentence is

Complex

How would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories?

Elaborative is more effective than maintenance.

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on how information is

Encoded

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of...

Encoding specificity

In Slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating the

Generation effect

According to your text, imagery enhances memory because

Imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered

Katie and Inez are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00 - 11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Inez will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances?

Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect.

Lourdes and Kim have been studying for two hours for their chemistry exam. Both girls are tired of studying. Lourdes decides to watch a two-hour movie on DVD, while Kim decides to go to bed. What would you predict about their performance on the chemistry exam?

Kim performs better because of reactivation

____ consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale, lasting weeks, months, or even years.

Systems

The author of your text makes a suggestion that students should study in a variety of places. This suggestion is based on research showing that people remember material better if they learned it in a number of different locations, compared to studying the same amount of time in one location. The suggestion solves a problem raised by

The encoding specificity principle

In the experiment in which participants viewed photographs of men and women and were then asked to rate their attractiveness, which of the men and women they saw were rated to be more beautiful?

The ones they viewed only briefly

According to levels of processing theory, deep processing results in better memory. However, studies have shown that shallow processing can result in better memory when the individual encodes _____ and is tested _____.

auditorially; auditorially