Ch. 7 Worksheet
Parathyroid hormone=
Increases blood calcium levels
Bone encloses and protects many of the soft organs of the body such as the heart, brain, and spinal cord.
True
Bone mass declines as osteoblast activity decreases, while osteoclast activity remains steady
True
Bone, cartilage, and ligaments all are components of the skeletal system that help with support.
True
Bones act as levers and contraction of skeletal muscles results in their movement
True
In an adult, red bone marrow is found in all of the following bones except
radius of forearm
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. 1. Endochondral ossification ceases at two years of age. 2. The cartilage model used in endochondral ossification becomes surrounded by perichondrium except in the diaphysis. 3. In long bones, the diaphysis is the site of the primary ossification center. 4. In mature bone, the only cartilage that remains is the articular cartilage on the epiphyses of bones.
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. 1. Intramembranous ossification is completed by birth. 2. Within the spongy bone that is formed by intramembranous ossification, there are spaces that contain developing red bone marrow. 3. The end products of intramembranous bone formation are bones with outer compact bone surfaces and spongy centers.
1. false 2. true 3. true
Which step in the formation of calcitriol is regulated by parathyroid hormone?
Conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol
What is the role of nerves that supply a bone
Detect injuries in the bone
All parts of the skeleton are affected by age equally
False
Appositional growth occurs within the epiphyseal plate
False
Many bones contain yellow bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets.
False
Parathyroid hormone is released in response to elevated blood calcium levels, and will help the body return to homeostasis.
False
TRUE OR FALSE? The medullary cavity of a flat bone contains red or yellow bone marrow.
False
Vitamin D and other hormones influencing bone growth tend to increase with age
False
Articulate cartilage, found on the ends of long bones, consist of
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body
Insufficient ossification is called osteopenia
True
The human skeletal system includes bones, cartilage and ligaments
True
Most of the body's reserves of _______ and ________ are stored and released by bone
calcium; phosphate
______________ is(are) found in compact bone, but not spongy bone.
central canals
Hyaline cartilage consists of specialized cells called __________ that produce a matrix surrounding themselves. When matrix surrounds these cells they become __________ that are trapped in lacunae.
chondroblasts and chondrocytes
Calcitonin=
decreases blood calcium levels
The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called the __________
diaphysis and epiphysis
Which of the following would not be considered part of the skeletal system
elastic cartilage
The secondary ossification center in a long bone is located in the
epiphysis
Mechanical stress applied to bone ______ osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress _______ osteoblast activity
increases, decreases
During intramembranous ossification, what replaces woven bone
lamellar bone
Based on their shape, the most common type of bone is the _____ bone.
long
An osteoblast is an example of an ______ component of bone.
organic
During the healing of a bone fracture, a hard callus is formed by
osteoblasts
bone forming cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans and release matrix vesicles are
osteoblasts
Activity of ____________ results in the formation of hydrochloric acid used to dissolve bone minerals in a process called ____________.
osteoclasts; mineral resorption
Bone cells that become surrounded by bone matrix and are located in cavities called lacunae are
osteocytes
Bones are more brittle as we age because
protein synthesis by osteoblasts is reduced.
