Ch. 8-14 Quizzes (Exam 3) [Mgmt]

Physical demands are stressors associated with _____ a. job settings b. role conflict c. decision making d. allotted tasks e. role ambiguity

A

Some smokers block out negative information about the health effects of smoking because they do not want to change their behavior. This is an example of _____. a. selective perception b. objective reality c. negative affectivity d. stereotyping e. attribution

A

The _____ lists the skills, abilities, and other credentials needed to do a job. a. job specification b. replacement chart c. statement of qualification d. job description e. article of incorporation

A

The _____ sets up a procedure for employees to vote on whether to have a union. a. National Labor Relations Act b. Taft-Hartley Act c. Fair Labor Standards Act d. Labor Management Relations Act e. Civil Rights Act of 1991

A

The final step in the control process is: a. considering corrective action. b. establishing standards. c. comparing performance against standards. d. measuring performance. e. expressing standards in measurable terms.

A

Which of the following is the most common means of financial control within organizations? a. Budgets b. Financial audits c. Benchmarking d. Ratio analysis e. Financial statements

A

Rewards tied specifically to _____ have the greatest impact on enhancing motivation. a. outcome b. performance c. ability d. effort e. skill

B

Under which of the following circumstances will an employee feel a need deficiency? a. When she receives recognition for a job well done b. When she attains self-actualization c. When she feels that her tasks are challenging d. When she feels she is underpaid e. When she is motivated to perform a job

D

When Amy is in a room full of strangers she becomes energized to interact with them. Which of the following personality traits does Amy portray? a. Machiavellianism b. Locus of control c. Authoritarianism d. Extraversion e. Conscientiousness

D

Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated? a. Reinforcement b. Expectancy c. Equity d. Content e. Process

D

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory? a. Two-factor theory b. Modified workweek c. Work redesign d. Organizational behavior modification e. Attribution theory

D

_____ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness. a. Organizational commitment b. Cognitive dissonance c. Psychological contract d. Workplace behavior e. Person-job fit

D

_____ is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work. a. Cognitive dissonance b. Organizational citizenship c. Organizational commitment d. Job dissatisfaction e. Positive affectivity

D

A budget that deals with costs of major assets such as a new plant, machinery, or land is known as a _____ budget. a. capital expenditures b. expense c. revenue d. balance sheet e. cash flow

A

A company has all of its candidates who are qualifiable for promotion attend a five-day evaluation session during which they take a battery of tests, interviews, and perform in simulated work scenarios. The _____ method is used for the selection process in this scenario. a. assessment center b. job analysis c. structured orientation process d. attrition e. job deskilling

A

A variable-ratio schedule is difficult to use for formal rewards such as pay because: a. it would be complicated to keep track of who was rewarded when. b. is the least powerful schedule in terms of maintaining the desired behaviors. c. it has a fixed number of desires to needed for each reinforcement. d. it typically weakens the behavior that has been previously rewarded. e. it does not motivate the employee to increase the frequency of the desired behavior.

A

A(n) _____ is usually computerized and contains information on each employee's education, work experience, and career aspirations. a. skills inventory b. statement of qualification c. article of incorporation d. job description e. bona fide occupational qualification

A

A(n) _____ represents a special compensation opportunity that is usually tied to performance. a. incentive b. wage c. benefit d. intangible reward e. salary

A

Claudia is trying to develop a communications plan for a new plant opening. She puts in many hours of overtime and eventually gives up and goes home without finishing the project. She is most likely in the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). a. exhaustion b. verification c. preparation d. resistance e. alarm

A

Everyone working or volunteering for Girl Scouts goes through a background check before they can work with girls or handle money. This is an example of: a. preliminary control. b. structural control. c. information control. d. postaction control. e. screening control.

A

Identify the personality trait that is included in the Big Five Model of personality. a. Agreeableness b. Locus of control c. Authoritarianism d. Self-esteem e. Self-efficacy

A

Managers can improve the effectiveness of the control system by: a. integrating control with planning. b. correcting all deviations from standards. c. controlling as many things in the organization as possible. d. preventing the development of verification procedures. e. focusing only on quantifiable variables.

A

Officers in the US military have no control over employee pay. It is all based on time of service and rank. The military uses medals and ribbons to acknowledge excellence. The medals are an example of _____. a. inducements b. contributions c. intangible rewards d. stressors e. job tasks

A

Which of the following statements is true of auditing? a. Organizations contract with certified public accountants for external audits. b. External audits are handled by employees of the organization. c. External audits tend to be more expensive than internal audits. d. All organizations are required to have a permanent internal auditing staff. e. Publicly held corporations are required by law to have internal audits regularly.

A

Which of the following types of operations control relies heavily on feedback processes? a. Screening control b. Postaction control c. Financial control d. Preliminary control e. Strategic control

A

Workers at Windlock Works Inc. were instructed by their supervisor to increase productivity to 350 percent in the next three months. The workers are most likely to be challenged by goal _____.: a. difficulty b. congruity c. specificity d. acceptance e. conformity

A

_____ is a group based incentive reward system where the distribution of gains is tilted heavily toward the employees. a. Scanlon plan b. Merit pay c. Gainsharing d. Sales commission e. Piece-rate incentive plan

A

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute. a. Stereotyping b. Inducement c. Cognitive dissonance d. Negative emotionality e. Machiavellianism

A

_____ is the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another. a. Personality b. Motivation c. Behavior d. Perception e. Attribution

A

A policy at Synergy Corp. states that the middle managers get a pay that is three times the pay of supervisors and the top managers get a pay that is six times the pay of first-line managers. The policy is regarding the _____ of Synergy. a. wage-level decision b. wage structure c. individual-wage structure d. benefit structure e. wage-benefit decision

B

Employees at GreenTech Inc. complete their schedules on time as every hour they take in excess may lead to a corresponding loss of pay. Their behaviors are strengthened through _____. a. Punishment b. Avoidance c. Extinction d. Positive reinforcement e. Incentives

B

Google partnered with Nielsen Co. to poll users about ads on Google+. Nielsen then packaged the information for advertisers. This was a response to advertiser complaints about the effectiveness of ads on the social network. This indicates that Google is placing an emphasis on _____ controls. a. financial b. operations c. structural d. development e. strategic

B

Identify the inducement that an organization provides to its employees. a. Loyalty b. Pay c. Skills d. Ability e. Effort

B

Identify the personality trait that a creative individual would most likely posses. a. Negative affectivity b. Openness c. Low agreeableness d. Intraversion e. High Machiavellianism

B

If an energy company wants to discover the effectiveness of its wind-turbine division in a particular state, it will use a(n): a. debt ratio. b. operating ratio. c. balance sheet ratio. d. liquidity ratio. e. return on investment.

B

In organizations, sales forecasting, economic forecasting, and environmental analysis are examples of the control of _____ resources. a. inventory b. information c. human d. financial e. physical

B

Inspection reports are used to monitor the quality of raw materials delivered to manufacturers. This is an example of _____ control. a. structural b. preliminary c. screening d. postaction e. financial

B

Jason, a manager, is working on a new project that involves a lot of statistics. Jason is looking for employees with a background in statistics. He can find this information in the _____ of his company. a. article of incorporation b. skills inventory c. job description d. replacement chart e. job specification

B

Jessica, a university student, accepts everything Prof. Hendricks has to say solely because he is the professor. It can be inferred that Jessica has _____. a. high self-esteem b. a highly authoritarian personalit c. internal locus of control d. a high risk propensity e. low self-efficacy

B

John began his company making herb vinegars from a recipe his grandmother had given him. As demand grew, he had to buy a large commercial kitchen. Which of the following ratios would a banker be most interested in before allowing John to borrow $500,000? a. Return on investment b. Debt ratio c. Liquidity ratio d. Balance sheet e. Operating ratio

B

The control of _____ affects all the other resources in an organization. a. human resources b. financial resources c. physical resources d. inventory resources e. information resources

B

The temperature at Nettix Inc. is too cold for Royce to concentrate on his work. This is an example of work-related stressors categorized as _____. a. interpersonal demands b. physical demands c. client demands d. task demands e. role demands

B

Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye. He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him. Later, Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye. Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must be intimidating them. Travis makes this attribution based on _____. a. stereotyping b. consensus c. consistency d. distinctiveness e. selective perception

B

When human resource managers determine how much each worker in a particular wage grade will be paid, they are making a(n) _____ decision. a. benefit-level b. individual wage c. wage-structure d. wage-level e. overall-benefit

B

Which of the following is an effective individual strategy for managing diversity? a. Treating everyone the same without regard for their fundamental human differences b. Fostering tolerance c. Forming culturally and ethnically homogenous work teams d. Limiting interpersonal communication e. Using micromanagement techniques for managing minority groups

B

_____ needs in Maslow's hierarchy involve realizing one's potential for continued growth and individual development. a. Security b. Self-actualization c. Social d. Esteem e. Physiological

B

_____, sometimes called indirect compensation, are things of value other than compensation that an organization provides to its workers. a. Ratings b. Benefits c. Appraisals d. Rankings e. Scrap rates

B

_____is an ideal method for training employees in group decision making. a. Programmed learning b. Role-playing c. The lecture method d. Assigned reading e. Vestibule training

B

A major advantage of incentives relative to merit systems is that: a. incentives are provided only one time, based on that level of performance. b. individuals receive the same amount or larger irrespective of their performances over the years. c. incentives do not accumulate by becoming part of an individual's salary. d. the base salary of an individual is unaffected by lower incentives. e. these plans remain static and cannot be modified by an organization.

C

A manager gives her employees a variable bonus every month based on resulting cost savings every time they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known as _____. a. pay-for-knowledge b. profit sharing c. gainsharing d. lump-sum bonus e. fixed-rate pay

C

A publisher of children's books only uses recycled paper for all its products. This is an example of _____ operations control. a. postaction b. structural c. preliminary d. decentralized e. screening

C

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following conditions must be met for motivated behavior to occur? a. Performance-to-outcome expectancy must be less than zero b. The individual must believe that effort and performance are unrelated c. Effort-to-performance expectancy must be greater than zero d. Sum of the valencies for an outcome must be less than zero e. Every outcome must have a negative valence

C

Amelia believes that if she tries hard to eliminate distractions and concentrate on her work, she will learn to do her job more efficiently. Amelia has: a. low effort-to-performance expectancy. b. moderate effort-to-performance expectancy. c. high effort-to-performance expectancy. d. moderate performance-to-outcome expectancy. e. low performance-to-outcome expectancy.

C

An arrangement where an employee works a traditional schedule one week and a compressed schedule the next, getting every other Friday off is called as _____. a. job sharing b. compressed work schedule c. nine-eighty schedule d. flextime e. traditional work schedule

C

Ana is a police detective. She believes that she is just as good a detective as her male counterparts. Because she is female, many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own. She has been doing this typing for a while and is increasingly feeling underrewarded for her efforts. In terms of _____, she will decrease her inputs by refusing to do additional work and try to reduce the gap between work and rewards. a. reinforcement theory b. two-factor theory c. equity theory d. hierarchy of needs theory e. expectancy theory

C

The purpose of bureaucratic control is to: a. produce performance above minimum acceptable standards. b. support employee participation in the control function. c. get employee compliance. d. increase group performance. e. increase employee self-control.

C

When a manager tries to encourage social interaction among his subordinates, he is trying to address their need for _____. a. security b. self-actualization c. belongingness d. physiological e. esteem

C

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using: a. an intrinsic reward. b. avoidance. c. positive reinforcement. d. extinction. e. punishment.

C

Which of the following is a weakness associated with budgeting? a. Budgets do not facilitate effective control. b. Budgets do not allow managers to identify problem areas. c. Budgets can limit innovation and change. d. Budgets fail to link planning and controlling. e. Budgets hamper coordination between departments.

C

Which of the following is true about individual incentive plans? a. They are most likely to be used when performance can be subjectively assessed. b. They are focused at increasing a person's base salary at the end of every year. c. They are used to reward individual performance on a real-time basis. d. They are used to provide individual performances with non monetary rewards. e. They are focused to recognize efforts rather than individual performances.

C

_____ are consequences of behaviors in an organizational setting, usually rewards. a. Performance b.Need deficiencies c. Outcomes d. Valences e. Commitments

C

_____ is an effective method to use for training employees about ethical dilemmas and ethical decision making. a. Job specialization b. The lecture method c. Case discussion groups d. Programmed instruction e. On-the-job training

C

_____ is an intangible determinant of individual performance. a. Attribution b. Management c. Motivation d. Personality e. Contribution

C

_____ is defined as intentionally seeking and hiring qualified or qualifiable employees from racial, sexual, and ethnic groups that are underrepresented in an organization. a. Adverse impact b. Indirect form of discrimination c. Affirmative action d. Direct form of discrimination e. Validation

C

_____ needs are at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. a. Belongingness b. Security c. Self-actualization d. Physiological e. Esteem

C

_____ refers to pay awarded to employees on the basis of the relative value of their contributions to the organization, which is a performance-based reward arrangement for individuals. a. Incentive pay b. Gainsharing c. Merit pay d. Scanlon plan e. Piece-rate incentives

C

A basic assumption on which the expectancy theory is based on is that: a. people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they achieve for performance. b. people do not make decisions about their own behaviors in organizations. c. people make choices based on the extent to which a given behavior will lead to undesired outcomes. d. behavior is determined by a combination of forces in the individual and in the environment. e. different people have the same type of needs, desires, and goals.

D

Advertising, campus interviews, employment agencies, and union hiring halls are all _____ methods. a. realistic job preview b. validation c. job evaluation d. external recruiting e. job analysis

D

An attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs is known as _____. a. benefit determination b. performance appraisal c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. the wage-level decision

D

An organization with a diverse workforce: a. is least likely to require communication. b. is most likely to have low productivity. c. is most likely to have a high turnover. d. is most likely to have a competitive advantage. e. is least likely to have conflicts.

D

Before submitting a final policy memo, analysts may modify certain recommendations based on feedback from experts and the general public. This is an example of _____ control. a. postaction b. financial c. structural d. screening e. preliminary

D

Brenda, a senior engineer at Machineworks Inc., sets herself difficult goals and assumes personal responsibility for the performance of her subordinates. Brenda most likely has a high need for _____. a. esteem b. security c. affiliation d. achievement e. potential

D

Chandra has been a bank manager at the same bank for 35 years. She is vital to the bank and has a high level of autonomy and variety in her work. Her organizational commitment is likely to be high due to her _____.: a. low organizational citizenship b. dissatisfaction with her work c. cognitive dissonance d. years with the organization e. negative affectivity

D

Employees at an accounting agency are prohibited from using social networking websites while at work. Their personal e-mails are also closely monitored for reasons of confidentiality. The control system at this organization suffers from: a. undercontrol. b. lack of accountability. c. lack of standards. d. overcontrol. e. inappropriate focus

D

Hermes is a taxi service that asks customers to fill out an online feedback form once their ride is complete. Hermes is making use of _____ operations control. a. screening b. decentralized c. structural d. postaction e. preliminary

D

Individual behavior that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization is called _____. a. positive inducement b. motivational behavior c. perceptive contribution d. organizational citizenship e. performance behavior

D

Lucy's work is above average as far as quality and quantity of production goes however, she refuses to do anything beyond the strict performance of her required job tasks. This is an example of: a. burnout. b. a person with an external locus of control. c. a Type B personality. d. poor organizational citizenship. e. cognitive dissonance.

D

Monitoring the administrative ratio to make sure staff expenses do not become excessive is an example of _____ control. a. postaction b. strategic c. information d. structural e. operations

D

Prolonged exposure to a stressor without resolution can bring on the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). a. resistance b. burnout c. alarm d. exhaustion e. conflict

D

A cafeteria benefits plan: a. allows employees to take a certain number of unpaid leaves. b. pays extra wages to employees for work they do during their lunch hour. c. reimburses employees for their food and transportation expenses. d. provides performance-linked incentives to employees. e. allows employees to choose from a set of optional benefits.

E

An example of judgmental performance measure is _____. a. number of units produced b. dollar volume of sales c. scrap rate d. total sales e. ranking

E

At Omega Inc., a fixed amount of money is added to the salaries of employees if their performance exceeds a predetermined level of expectation. A smaller portion of the amount is added if the employees' performances just meet the expected level. Omega is most likely to be motivating their employees with _____. a. intangible benefits b. progressions c. appraisals d. rankings e. incentives

E

At a high school, final examinations are held online. During the examination, the difficulty level of questions assigned to students is modified based on how well individual students perform. This is an example of _____ operations control. a. preliminary b. decentralized c. postaction d. structural e. screening

E

During surgery, surgeons make quick decisions knowing the consequences of a wrong one. They are most likely to feel stress due to _____. a. physical demands b. interpersonal demands c. role demands d. creative demands e. task demands

E

Identify the contribution made by an individual to a psychological contract. a. Job security b. Pay c. Recognition d. Benefit e. Effort

E

In human resource management, _____ usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired. a. development b. job rotation c. deskilling d. job specialization e. training

E

Jan works as a salesperson. She generally achieves the expected targets but has also failed several times. For the previous month, she performed better than all her team members and achieved a huge sales volume. Even though Jan has not achieved her targets on several occasions during the past one year, her supervisor ranked her as number one. This is an example of how a(n) _____ can influence a performance appraisal. a. severity error b. average error c. halo error d. source monitoring error e. recency error

E

Organizations make the decision of whether to have a centralized or decentralized international control system when they are addressing issues of ____ control. a. bureaucratic b. screening c. preliminary d. financial e. strategic

E

Organizations with a diverse workforce are most likely to _____ when compared to less diverse organizations. a. have higher levels of turnover b. foster fewer conflicts c. have a lack of understanding of different market segments d. have higher levels of absenteeism e. have higher levels of productivity

E

The Civil Rights Act of 1991: a. sets standards for safe working conditions. b. limits union powers. c. increases punitive damages in lawsuits. d. requires employers to provide up to 12 weeks of paid leave for family and medical emergencies. e. makes it easier for employees to sue an organization for discrimination.

E

When Caryl feels stress, anxiety, fear, or anger, she prays so that her emotions do not interfere with her work. Afterward she is more productive. Identify the emotional intelligence (EQ) dimension illustrated by Caryl's praying. a. self-awareness b. risk propensity c. social skill d. empathy e. managing emotions

E

Which of the following is an example of dysfunctional behavior? a. Agreeableness b. Organizational citizenship c. Cognitive dissonance d. Extraversion e. Racial harassment

E

Which of the following is true of the liquidity ratio? a. It reflects an organization's ability to meet long-term financial obligations. b. It helps estimate an organization's ability to cover interest expenses on borrowed capital. c. It shows managers and investors how much return an organization is generating relative to its assets. d. It indicates the effectiveness of specific functional areas in an organization. e. It indicates how easily an organization's assets are converted into cash.

E

Which of the following statements is true in the context of effectively managing diverse workforces? a. Tolerance is not required to effectively function in a diverse workforce. b. Any effort to treat everyone the same, without regard for their fundamental human differences, will reduce problems. c. Limiting communication among different ethnic groups is an effective way of handling conflicts in a diverse organization. d. A diverse workforce can be managed effectively by not acknowledging the differences among people. e. Organizations can more effectively manage diversity by following practices and procedures that are based on flexibility.

E

Which of the following types of control focuses on leadership and technology control systems? a. Structural b. Bureaucratic c. Operations d. Screening e. Strategic

E

____ is a counterproductive side affect of using punishment as a reinforcement method. a. Motivation b. Commitment c. Empowerment d. Participation e. Resentment

E

_____ control attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of resources before they enter an organization. a. Postaction b. Financial c. Structural d. Screening e. Preliminary

E

_____ is the extent to which a person experiences anxiety or is poised, calm, resilient, and secure. a. Extraversion b. Agreeableness c. Openness d. Conscientiousness e. Neuroticism

E

_____ is the financial remuneration given by an organization to its employees in exchange for their work. a. Insurance b. Progression c. Validation d. An intangible benefit e. Compensation

E

_____ thinking is a skill that allows people to see similarities between situations or events. a. Differentiated b. Divergent c. Cognitive d. Convergent e. Creative

E