CH 8

What explanation does conflict theory have for prejudice and discrimination today?

1. Prejudice and discrimination are the result of a struggle for scarce resources. 2. Prejudice and discrimination are perpetuated by economic but not racial factors. 3. Prejudice and discrimination are established on an international level. 4. D. Prejudice and discrimination help to increase group cohesion. ???

People in society who have the most privilege usually recognize that their advantages are unearned.

False

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?

Institutional discrimination is more systemic and widespread.

African American and Hispanic communities are much more likely to be located near toxic waste dumps than white communities. What does this tell you about race in America?

Race can have an effect on health

Brazilians employ many racial categories, such as moreno, mulato, neguinho, and pretinho. Most of these terms do not have an equivalent in the United States. What does this tell you?

Race is a social construct

What is the relationship between race and class, according to sociologists such as Michael Omi and Howard Winant?

Race is not a side effect of class; rather, it permeates every aspect of daily life.

The fact that immigrants from Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America tended to be shorter than native-born Americans was taken as evidence that there were inherent racial differences between these populations. However, the immigrants had children who grew up to be as tall as anyone else. Geneticists now understand that, although there can be considerable variation in height within a group due to genetics, height differences between groups are largely caused by diet. What does this demonstrate?

Racial differences are socially constructed and not genetic.

Classical Marxist analysis argues that everything is ultimately determined by the economy, even if that process sometimes requires many complicated steps. Can economic factors explain racism?

The link between race and class is useful and important, but it does not provide a satisfactory explanation for all forms of racism.

In what way does the internet have a democratizing influence on society?

There is no way to see what other people look like in online interactions.

Sociologists define ethnicity

as a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage.

An example of prejudice is

believing that Asians are better at math

The 2000 Census was the first time that Americans were allowed to __________ when identifying their race.

check more than one box

In the novel The Human Stain by Philip Roth, a professor at a college in the Northeast is forced into early retirement after he is accused of racism. The charge turns out to be ironic when the reader learns that the professor has a secret: The professor was born to African American parents and has been covering up his heritage and living as a white man his whole adult life. Of what is this an example?

passing

What would a sociologist call the belief that members of one racial group are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than members of another racial group?

prejudice

Understanding that racism in the United States created and maintains inequality is characteristic of

race consciousness

Casimir Pulaski Day is an important holiday in Chicago, which has more Polish Americans than anywhere else in the United States. Although not well remembered in the rest of the country, Pulaski was a Polish-born hero of the American Revolution and a cavalry general. What concept helps to explain why this holiday is so much more important to people who trace their ancestry to Poland?

symbolic ethnicity

What racial issue does functionalism help to explain?

the assimilation of European ethnic groups into larger society

According to a study, Black defendants on trial for murder in Pennsylvania were 40 percent more likely to receive the death penalty than white people convicted of similar crimes. This indicates that

the criminal justice system has a racial bias

In Frank Dobbin and Alexandra Kalev's 2016 analysis of 800 U.S. firms, which of the following approaches to diversity did they find was effective?

voluntary diversity training programs