Ch. 8 & 23: Flowers
incomplete flower
A flower in which one or more of the four basic floral organs such as sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels are either absent or nonfunctional.
complete flower
A flower that has all four basic floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
inflorescence
A group of flowers tightly clustered together.
imperfect and incomplete
A male Cucurbitaceae flower has sepals, petals, and stamens, but no pistil. It is ______________________.
perennial
A plant that lives for many years through many life cycles is a(n) _____________.
biennial
A plant that requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle is a(an) ______________.
stamens
Nested inside the calyx and the corolla are ___________, the male part of the flower.
anther; filament
The structures of the stamen are composed of two parts: a(n) _________ (the pollen-bearing part), and a __________ (the slender, rigid stalk that supports the anther).
receptacle
The tip of the peduncle is typically swollen into a small pad called a ____________, which is the structure the four floral whorls are attached to.
corolla; petals
The whorl within the calyx is called the ___________. Made up of _________, it is often showy in order to attract pollinators like bees, moths, or birds.
inferior
When the calyx, corolla, and stamens of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary, the ovary is said to be ___________.
hypanthium
a cuplike or tubular enlargement of the receptacle of a flower, loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united with it.
epigynous
where floral whorls are attached above or on top of the ovary
hypogynous
where floral whorls are attached underneath the relative position of the ovary
monoecious
A Euphorbiaceae cyathium inflorescence contains separate male and female flowers. Since both genders of flower are located on the same plant, it is _______________.
perfect and incomplete
A Lauraceae flower has sepals, stamens, and a simple pistil, but no petals. It is ______________.
perfect and complete
A Rosaceae flower has sepals, petals, stamens, and a simple pistil. It is _________________.
imperfect flower
Flower that lack either stamens or pistils (unisexual)
annuals
Flowering plants that complete their life cycles in a single season are called _____________.
peduncle; pedicel
Flowers are attached to plants by their _____________, or their __________ if there is only a solitary flower.
c & d
Flowers in the first angiosperms likely possessed which of the following features? a. compound pistil b. inferior ovary c. radial symmetry d. separate petals
monocot
If flower parts are in 3s, then the plant is a...
dicot
If flower parts are in 4s or 5s, then the plant is a...
dioecious
In one Aceraceae species, male and female flowers are located on separate trees. Thus, this species is ________________.
pistil
The innermost whorl of the flower is the female portion, commonly called the __________.
sepals; calyx
The outermost whorl is composed of ________ and is collectively called the ________.
stigma; ovary
The pistil is made up of three parts: a ________ (the pollen receptive area), a style, and an _________ (the enlarged portion of the pistil that contains ovules and will eventually develop into a fruit).
androecium
collective term for all stamens in a flower
perfect flower
has both male/female reproductive parts (bisexual)
dioecious plants
have male and female reproductive structures on different plants
traits of primitive flowers
no fusion of floral parts; many pistils; superior ovary; floral parts are spirally arranged; radial symmetry; hypogynous
monoecious plants
produce male and female flowers on the same plant
traits of advanced flowers
stamen and pistil fused to form one structure; one compound pistil; inferior ovary; floral parts arranged in whorls; bilateral symmetry; epigynous
gynoecium
the female part of a flower, consisting of one or more carpels.