Ch. 8 Chemistry- Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons.

Sigma Bond

A single covalent bond that is formed when an electron pair is shared by the direct overlap of bonding orbitals.

Resonance

Condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure exists for the same molecule.

Pi Bond

A bond that is formed when parallel orbitals overlap to share electrons.

Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction or process in which a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the product molecules.

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction or process in which more energy is released than is required to break the bonds in the initial reactants.

Lewis Structure

A model that uses electron-dot structures to show how electrons are arranged in molecules

Structural Formula

A molecular model that uses symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms

Hybridization

A process in which atomic orbitals are mixed to form new, identical hybrid orbitals

Polar Covalent Bond

A type of bond that forms when electrons are not shared equally.

Oxyacid

Any acid that contains hydrogen and an oxyanion

Coordinate Covalent Bond

Forms when one atom denotes a pair of electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to become stable.

Molecule

Forms when two or more atoms covalently bond and is lower in potential energy than its constituent atoms

VSEPR Model

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model, which is based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the central atom.