Ch 8 History George Washington and the New World's First Rebuplic

the Delcaration of Independance

13 colonies should be free and indepented states

costitutional convention

1787 philadelphia

First Continental Congress (sept 1, 1774)

50 men met in Philadelphia.

Effect of the First Continental Congress

Agreed to stop buying goods made in England. In response, King George III sent war ships to the colonies.

second Continintial congress

Americans must have an organized Continental army George Washington would cammand the new army

Paul Revere

Boston patriot known for his midnight ride to warn the colonists the British are coming.

The British wore red and refused to hide. They insisted on fighting out in the open. British were easily defeated at Fort Duquesne by the French and Indians.

British were easily defeated at Fort Duquesne by the French and Indians.

Quebec Act

Closed the Ohio Valley by extending the boundaries by Quebec. Catholicism the main religion.

King George III hired Hessians German soldiers

Colonists' army now outnumbered, destroyed most of the colonists remaining loyal to England. Representatives of Second Continental Congress asked for Declaration of Independence to be written.

Effect of Boston Tea Party

England closed Boston Harbor until the citizens paid for the tea that was destroyed. Other colonists sent food to Boston.

Treaty of Pris

England gave up america and claimed to land east the Mississippi American

General Braddock died shortly after the Battle of Dequesne

English no longer had a general to lead their army.

Bands of Indians and French raided English frontier settlements.

English settlers were killed or taken captive to be sold as servants or slaves OR "adopted" and raised as Indian children.

French and Indians allied themselves against the British

French and Indian War

Both the french and English claimed the land along the Ohio River between the Appalachian and Mississippi River.

French built forts along the Ohio River.

English settlers began to clear land and build homes

French fur traders became concerned that the fur/bearing animals would become scarce. French told the Indians that the English would destroy the hunting grounds and the land. They persuaded the Indians to fight.

The King of England knew the colonists could not defeat the French by themselves.

General Edward Braddock became commander of all British forces in North American colonies.

first president

George Washington

In 1758, the King of Great Britain sent other army

George Washington and the Virginia military drove the French out of the Ohio Valley.

Washington took control after Braddock was shot. Two horses were shot out from under him and his coat was torn from the bullet but he continued to fight.

George Washington proved himself to be a leader in the battle even though his English colonists lost.

Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia needed someone brave and wise to deliver a message hundreds of miles away to Fort Le Boeuf

George Washington was chosen to deliver a message.

Nathanael Greene

George Washington"s most trusted generals ; helped Americans reclaim most of South Carolina and Georgia

The British were victorious over the French and Indians

Great Britain gained control of North American east of the Mississippi River.

After the French and Indian War, George III became King of England.

Great Britain was the most powerful kingdom in the world and King George wanted even more power. He wanted the American colonists under Great Britain control.

john Paul Jones

I have not yet begun to fight

first vice president

John Adams

american Flag Day

June 14,1777 reportedly done by Betsy Ross 13 stars and strips for 13 colonies

Minutemen

Massachusetts men who could be ready to fight at a minutes notice

Lemuel Haynes

Minuteman who was studying for the ministry. God protected him through the war and he became a New England preacher

Battle of Saratoga turning point of the war for Independence

New York American army stopped the british Battle persuaded king of France to help America

nations first capital

New York City

Yorktown

October 19 1781 America won her independence

valley Forge

Pennsylvania captured Philadelphia and spent winter in homes of colonist Washington's army spent winter hungry and cold ,but they showed courage and bravery and strength to stay

Americans were now free to settle west of the Appalachians

The Americans discovered how much they valued freedom.

England placed a tax on glass, paint, paper and tea. England sent soldiers to keep the peace.

The Boston Massacre- A mob of colonists through snowballs and stones at the British soldiers. Someone shouted "Fire!" Five colonists were killed and the first to die was Crispus Attucks. England dropped all the taxes except the one on tea.

King George and parliament decided colonists should pay for the protection the British army had given during the French and Indian War.

The Stamp Act- 1765- required that newspapers, almanacs, marriage certificates, and other documents purchased by the colonists have special stamps proving they paid a special tax for the documents.

French controlled most of Canada

They could rebuild their strength and become a threat to the English colonists again.

French thought it would be impossible for the English to capture the Quebec Fort bc it was located on a steep cliff.

They left the fort unguarded and 4,000 British soldiers climbed the rock. After the fight the French surrendered

Patrick Henry

Virginian who said "give me liberty or give me death"

French did not intend to give up the land at their Fort Le Boeuf

Washington knew the English would have to fight. He led the Battle of the French and Indian War.

trenton -christmas

after the battle the hessions surrendered and became Washington's prisoners

battle of bunker hill

amerian forces surrounded the city 2 times they tried toclime buncker hill

new york city

british defended George Washington and his army they took control of the city's harbor

Washington dc

capital today

general lord Cornwallis

captured Georgia then almost all of South Carolina for the British

Boston Tea Party (dec 1, 1773)

colonists dressed up as Indians, dumped over 300 chests of tea into the Boston harbor.

Nathan Hale

connecticut schoolteacher who was a spy "i only regret that i have but one life to lose for my country "

attack of fort Ticonderoga

eathen allen and the green mountain boys attacked and forced the British to surrnder

executive

enforces law/ veto power

benjamin banneker

first black to write a scientific book

1st amendment

freedom of religion , speech, press, and assembly

constitutional republic

government in which people and their elected representatives are limited by constitution

George Rogers Clark

led group of men from Virginia down the Ohio to help colionsit

bill of rights

list of rights or freedoms

legislation senate

makes laws 2 senators

patriots

people who wanted America to be free from Britain's control

judicial

power to interpret the constiution and apply it to cases of national importance

James Armistead

slave who served the colonist army as a spy ; granted freedom after his service

articles of confederation

states were ruled independently, not as a country weak government-no power to tax

shot heard AROUND THE WORLD

the first shot fired at Lexington