CH 8: INDIA Part 3

The term for British rule in India from 1858-1947 is the

Raj.

Although India began to welcome foreign investment and roll back controls on business in the 1990s, it is still one of the hardest countries to do business in. Why?

because of complex regulations

Which of the following is associated with Hinduism?

caste

Since the 1980s, India's growth rate increased from a very low level to one of the highest in the world-behind only China. Economists refer to this as

exponential growth.

In India and in other countries with significant cultural and linguistic diversity such as Germany, a(n) ________ system is especially suitable.

federal

Both Britain and India have a powerful prime minister, but India's prime minister has a power that British prime ministers lack. What is this power?

In an emergency, India's central government can take over a state and run it directly.

Even though India has a first-past-the-post system, it has not become a two- or two-plus party system. Why not?

India has many small parties that represent the interests only of particular regions and so do not win many seats.

One reason why it has been easier for democracy to flourish in India than in Russia is that

India was born and remains highly pluralistic, which makes it more difficult for one group or leader to dominate the political system.

Which party formed India's first government after independence and stayed in office for many years?

Indian National Congress (INC)

How would economist Colin Clark describe a country where most work is concentrated in industry?

It is less developed than one where work is concentrated in service industries.

What role did India's Supreme Court play during Indira Gandhi's authoritarian rule?

It restructured India's parliament under Gandhi's orders.

Why did Nehru's land reform law backfire?

Landlords and politicians exploited the law and used it to get more land for themselves.

Which group does not benefit from affirmative action programs for disadvantaged groups in India?

Muslims

How did Nehru's socialism affect India's bureaucracy?

Regulations intended to inhibit capitalism called for a large bureaucracy and encouraged corruption.

Why did Gandhi make cloth production a symbol of Indian independence?

The British did not allow India to manufacture its own cotton into cloth.

In which way is India's parliamentary system similar to Britain's?

The lower house serves for up to five years, but elections can be called early.

What is unusual about the violent Marxist parties of India, Colombia, and Mexico?

They are based in rural, not urban, areas.

Which is a source of conflict among Indian voters?

affirmative action for lower castes

The economic policy of self-sufficiency that Nehru promoted is known as

autarchy

Indian education resembles British education in that it

educates a small elite well but neglects the masses

Since 1977, India has changed from a dominant-party system to a ________ system.

fragmented party

One reason for the success of Mohandas Gandhi's nonviolent campaign against the British was because

it became increasingly plain that British colonial rule in India was illegitimate.

The British benefited from the caste system, which they encouraged, because

it made it easier to govern a large population through the classic strategy of divide-and-rule.

After having a state of emergency declared in 1975, Indira Gandhi used her new powers to

make changes without involving parliament.

Identity generally plays an important role in politics, and in India identity is strongly based on

religion.