CH 8: Vitamins & Minerals Study Module

The processing of fresh spinach into a frozen creamed spinach side dish would typically have which of the following effects?

It would typically increase the food's sodium content and decrease its level of potassium.

Adequate intake of which of the following minerals plays a key role in reducing the risk for hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Potassium

The trace mineral copper is essential for the health of which of the following type of body cells?

Red blood cells

Which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk for iron-deficiency anemia?

a nineteen-year-old female who is menstruating and eats a vegan diet

To achieve adequate potassium intake, follow the MyPlate recommendations for intake of ____.

fruits and vegetables

A deficiency of vitamin B12 can cause ________.

macrocytic anemia

All of the following are good sources of vitamin C EXCEPT ________.

milk

A deficiency of which vitamin causes signs and symptoms characterized by the four Ds: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death?

niacin

The disorder characterized by low bone density is known as __________.

osteoporosis

Which of the following is a major function of selenium?

It acts as an antioxidant.

The daily recommended sodium intake (AI) for adults up to age 51 is _____.

1500 milligrams

Each serving from the dairy group provides approximately ________ milligrams of calcium.

300

Which two minerals are the primary contributors to the hydroxyapatite crystals in bone?

Calcium and phosphorus

Vitamin ___ is called the "sunshine vitamin."

D

Which of the following explains why iron-deficiency anemia causes fatigue?

Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce oxygen transport throughout the body.

Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which of the following foods?

Eggs and beef

Which mineral helps reduce erosion of tooth enamel with acids produced by bacteria in the mouth?

Fluoride

Which B vitamin is critical for DNA synthesis and cell division?

Folate (folic acid)

Vitamin C greatly increases the body's absorption of which mineral?

Iron

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

Iron

Topping a serving of whole-wheat pasta with which of the following would enhance the absorption of nonheme iron?

Tomato sauce

Adam is 65 years old. Which of the following nutrients might his body have difficulty absorbing?

Vitamin B12 in a sirloin steak

Which vitamin is essential for blood to clot?

Vitamin K

Folic acid, if consumed prior to and during the first several weeks of pregnancy, can help reduce the risk of giving birth to a newborn with _____ .

a neural tube defect

Which of these statements is true? a) Some minerals contribute to body structures. b) Minerals are compounds that do not contain carbon. c) Minerals provide energy. d) Minerals are organic.

a) Some minerals contribute to body structures.

Fat-soluble vitamins are ____.

absorbed into the lymphatic system

The primary role of the B vitamins is to ____.

act as coenzymes in energy metabolism and many other metabolic reactions

Choline is __________ .

an essential nutrient

Vitamin E functions as a(n) ________ to protect cell membranes from being damaged.

antioxidant

A chronic deficiency of thiamin can cause _____.

beriberi

All of the following conditions are associated with a deficiency of vitamin D EXCEPT ______.

beriberi

A plant pigment that the body can convert to vitamin A is _____.

beta-carotene

High consumption of raw egg whites can lead to a deficiency of which vitamin?

biotin

Which of these statements is FALSE? a) Dietary supplements, a category that includes vitamins, minerals, and herbs, are regulated less stringently by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) than are drugs. b) The U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) sets standards for the identity, strength, quality, and purity of dietary supplements. c) It is necessary for individuals to consume vitamin supplements in order to meet their daily vitamin needs. d) Supplement manufacturers can voluntarily submit their products to the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) to verify their supplement meets current standards.

c) It is necessary for individuals to consume vitamin supplements in order to meet their daily vitamin needs.

Vitamin D is _____. a) A hormone b) Made in the body with the help of sunlight c) Found in fortified milk d) All options are correct.

d) All options are correct.

Which of the following is a function of minerals in the body? a) Minerals help maintain fluid balance. b) Minerals function as co-enzymes. c) Minerals assist the body's immune system. d) All options are correct.

d) All options are correct.

Which of the following statement is true regarding the minerals that play a critical role in maintaining fluid balance in the body? a) They are referred to as electrolytes. b) They are all major minerals. c) They include calcium and chloride. d) All options are correct.

d) All options are correct.

Which of the following would increase vitamin E in a salad? a) olive oil b) chopped nuts c) avocado slices d) all options are correct.

d) all options are correct.

Cara's physician has just diagnosed her with iron-deficiency anemia. To increase her iron intake, Cara should do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

drink a glass of milk with her iron supplement

Which of the following contributes the most sodium in the diet of Americans?

processed foods

Most of the sodium in the body is found in __________ .

the bloodstream

Chromium increases the effectiveness of ______.

the hormone insulin

In a vegan breakfast consisting of raisin bran cereal with soy milk and a glass of orange juice, the vitamin C in the orange juice will enhance the absorption of _____.

the iron and calcium in the cereal

Which of the following can be destroyed by exposure to water or heat?

the water-soluble vitamins (B vitamins and vitamin C)

A person's peak bone mass typically has occurred by the time a person reaches his or her ________.

thirties

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________.

thyroid hormones

Which of the following is NOT a major function of zinc?

to improve the insulin response

A deficiency of vitamin A can result in _______.

vision problems

Which nutrient is involved in collagen formation and immune and antioxidant defenses?

vitamin C

Which of the following is/are considered antioxidants?

vitamin E and beta-carotene

Which of the following vitamins is fat soluble?

vitamin K

Which of the following nutrients can accumulate to the point of toxicity if intake is excessive?

vitamins A, D, E, and K