Ch 9 / 10 / 11 Psyc 3337

11a)

Body Development; Cognitive Development

Statistically, who is LEAST likely to binge on alcohol?

Carlos, who is a 40-year-old engineer

9b)

Cognitive Development; Secondary Education

_____ is an arrangement in which a couple lives together in a committed sexual relationship but are not formally married.

Cohabitation

Which individual is the MOST likely to develop serious depression?

Helen, who is 16 years old

10a)

Identity; Close Relationships

Which statement about personality is FALSE?

It remains static throughout life

Who is NOT pondering an arena of identity?

Izak, who believes that living at home will help him focus on his studies during college

Which teen is MOST likely to be a life-course-persistent offender?

Jeff, who has low intelligence and suffered from severe malnutrition and abuse as a child

Which scenario is fairly common during adolescence?

Jose feels sad from time to time and thinks sometimes about killing himself.

Developmentalists suspect that one reason for the slowdown in academic achievement that is seen in middle schools is:

Lack of connection to teachers

Statistically, who is MOST likely to binge on alcohol?

Martin, who is a 20-year-old college student

Which statement is TRUE about adolescent criminal activity?

Most adolescents have broken the law.

Which teen is MOST likely to be an adolescence-limited offender?

Parker, whose brother is in jail and who has friends who break the law

11b)

Psychosocial Development

9a

Puberty Begins; Growth, Nutrition, and Sex

Tabitha, 26, and her husband just learned that they are expecting their first child. If she is typical, which statement is Tabitha LEAST likely to hear from her obstetrician?

She is at high risk for a miscarriage.

Julie is involved in many activities, including cheerleading, gymnastics, and a part-time job. Because of her stress, she started puberty early. Which is the BEST reason for this change?

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

Teens would be MOST likely to take up the destructive behavior of which of the following students?

Teens would be MOST likely to take up the destructive behavior of which of the following students?

Tony and Samantha have been married for two years. They cohabitated for three years before Samantha became pregnant and they decided to marry. According to the information cited in the text, which statement is TRUE?

They are more likely to divorce than a couple who did not cohabitate before marriage.

Which statement about today's college students is TRUE?

They attend college to obtain job skills that will earn good money.

_____ originally meant envisioning oneself as a worker in a particular occupation.

Vocational identity

Malik, who is 20, is trying to figure out his political, ethnic, and religious beliefs as well as where he fits into the world. Malik is in Erikson's fifth stage of development called:

identity versus role confusion

What is Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development?

identity versus role confusion

Jeremy is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors Jeremy wears. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Jeremy is in the stage of development called:

identity vs. role confusion

Harla concludes that because a four-legged furry animal wags its tail when it is happy and likes to fetch sticks, it must be a dog. This is an example of:

inductive reasoning.

Drug _____ occurs when a person uses a drug that is harmful to his or her physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being.

abuse

The term for using a drug to the extent that it produces harm or negative consequences is _____.

abuse

According to the text, _____ thought tends to be fast and frugal.

intuitive

Janie has very little time at the store to choose a gift for her best friend and needs to make a fast decision. She will MOST likely rely on _____ thought to inform her decision

intuitive

Belen has been growing increasingly thin. Her teacher refers her to the counselor, who discovers that she has a poor body image, regularly skips meals, exercises to exhaustion, and occasionally uses diet pills. Belen might have the disorder called:

anorexia nervosa.

Compared with a young woman growing up in the 1950s, a 21-year-old woman today does NOT feel as much pressure to:

bear children.

Which term(s) is/are the opposite of identity achievement?

both role confusion and identity diffusion

Inductive reasoning is sometimes called _____ reasoning.

bottom-up

Peer pressure or encouragement to conform to one's friends in behavior or dress:

can be positive.

Any erotic activity that arouses an adult and excites, shames, or confuses a child constitutes _____.

child sexual abuse

In Canada, fewer adolescents smoke tobacco than in the United States partly because:

cigarette advertising is banned.

Tamera and Casey have been living together for over a year. They have a committed romantic relationship but are not married. Tamera and Casey's living arrangement is called:

cohabitation.

Eighteen-year-old Cliff feels like he can talk openly to his parents about anything. This is reflective of which aspect of family closeness?

communication

Seventeen-year-old David is gay and living in rural Montana. The Internet will MOST likely _____ his isolation.

decrease

Over the past 40 years, drug use among high school seniors in the United States has:

decreased.

Shane, a fifth-grader, drinks his parents' liquor when they are not home and yells at family members when he does not get his way. Shane's behavior is MOST likely due to his:

early maturation.

Tracy is a 24-year-old college graduate who was just accepted into medical school. She has just ended a year-long romantic relationship due to her concern about maintaining a long-distance relationship and the demands of medical school. In developmental terms, Tracy is a(n):

emerging adults

A psychological disorder that is comorbid is:

experienced along with another psychological disorder.

Motocross is an example of a(n) _____ sport.

extreme

Reggie has convinced himself that middle school is stupid and therefore not worth his time. His avoidance of any effort towards his schoolwork is MOST likely protecting Reggie from:

feeling like a failure.

Josh is 17 and works 25 hours per week at a fast-food restaurant. Compared to his peers who do not work, Josh is more likely to:

fight with his parents.

Typically, _____ teachers assume their students have mastered formal operational thinking.

high school

In the United States in 2014, there were almost _____ community colleges.

2,000

Which individual is engaging in a risky behavior that is beneficial?

22-year-old Wanda, who is going to the Arctic to film a documentary about polar bears

Which individual is involved in risky behavior that is the MOST likely to be self-destructive?

23-year-old Deborah, who picks up a new sex partner every weekend

Which male is demonstrating a risky behavior that is beneficial to society?

24-year-old Juan, who joined the Peace Corps to work in Africa for two years

Approximately what percentage of 15-year-old U.S. high school students reported using a condom during their most recent sexual encounter?

60 percent

Which statement about hypothetical thought is NOT true?

A hallmark of hypothetical thought is the ability to think of that which is not present.

Research has shown that the dip in self-esteem during adolescence:

is experienced by both sexes.

Jenna has always had a short attention span and inadequate emotional regulation. She suffered from abuse early in her life and is of low intelligence. Now in high school, she has been caught shoplifting several times and was suspended from school for physically fighting with other students. Jenna is at risk of becoming a(n):

life-course-persistent offender.

Fourteen-year-old John and Carlos decided to build a bike ramp that would propel them in the air over a small but deep ravine. This could have caused considerable physical injury had Carlos's father not caught them before they completed the act. In this case, John and Carlos's impulsive behavior is due to the _____, but Carlos's father's more reasoned response is due to the maturity of the _____.

limbic system; prefrontal cortex

Macy's parents announced to her and her 2 siblings that they are getting a divorce after 32 years of marriage. Macy is 23, and her siblings are also adults. All are devastated and confused. For example, Macy does not know which parent she should come home to after she graduates this spring. This situation is an example of how the _____ of family members affect each other.

linked lives

Lacy is hopelessly sad and it is disrupting her regular activities. She has felt this way for more than three weeks. She may be diagnosed with

major depression.

Laurie's parents notice when she comes home from college after completing her first year that she is happier and has better self-esteem. Research cited in the text suggests that this is due to:

making her own decisions.

Jojo recently had her first menstrual period, an event called:

menarche.

Ethnic identity achievement is a major task for:

minority and immigrant adolescents.

When Avram decides to join the Peace Corps for a two-year post in Zambia, this indicates his identity status as:

moratorium

Going on a religious mission is an example of:

moratorium.

Postponing identity attainment while exploring possibilities is called:

moratorium.

The teen pregnancy rate in the United States is _____ than the rate in Europe.

much higher

The idea of postformal thought was originated by:

other developmentalists who believed Piaget's fourth stage did not adequately describe adult thought.

Shawn, 24, is a typical emerging adult who has experienced many transitions, such as leaving home, moving to a new city, and finding a job. Research has shown that these experiences are likely to lead to:

positive changes in his personality.

Sexual development before age 9 is referred to as:

precocious puberty.

The ultimate goal in resolving the crisis of identity achievement is to:

reconsider the goals and values set by one's parents and culture, accepting some and rejecting others.

Jessica is 16 years old and smokes marijuana every day. All of the following could be affected by her behavior EXCEPT:

reducing her anxiety.

Fifteen-year-old Greta's parents are active in the Republican Party. Greta's political beliefs will MOST likely:

reflect the beliefs of her parents.

According to Erikson, each relationship demands personal sacrifice such as vulnerability. This shatters isolation, which is caused by too much:

self-protection.

The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as a growth _____.

spurt

Claude Steele is the African American psychologist who first described:

stereotype threat.

The worry that others will make generalizations about you based on your appearance or behavior is called:

stereotype threat.

In one study described in the textbook (Bursztyn & Jensen, 2014), high school students taking a combination of honors and nonhonors classes were offered an opportunity to sign up for a free SAT preparation course. The students were told either that no one would learn of their decision to sign up or that only the students in the room would learn of their decision. The opportunity was offered either when the students were in one of their honors classes or in one of their nonhonors classes. The researchers found that:

students were almost twice as likely to sign up when they were in an honors class when their choice was kept private.

As Charles was drying himself off after taking a shower, he noticed that his _____ had grown, which is the first visible sign of puberty in boys.

testes

The thinking that leads young people to believe that everyone is watching them is known as:

the imaginary audience.

Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence inhibits growth and may result in the adolescent damaging his or her developing heart, lungs, brain, and reproductive system?

tobacco