Ch. 9 Alcohol

After the process of malting, the typical American commercial beer contains about _____ percent alcohol.

4

Typical distilled beverages sold commercially with an alcohol content ranging between 40 percent and 50 percent is ___________ proof.

80 to 100

Identify an effect of alcohol on the brain that increases one's urine flow.

Alcohol decreases the output of the anti-diuretic hormone in the brain.

True or false: Organized crime became less profitable as a result of Prohibition.

False

True or false: The current belief is that the personality factors of a drinker reflect the preexisting abnormalities that caused the problem drinking rather than the years of intoxication and the critical events that led to the decision to enter treatment.

False

Identify a true statement about fatty liver, which is a condition caused by alcohol.

Fatty acid droplets increase in size until they rupture the cell membrane, causing death of the liver cells.

Identify a reason for alcohol use being a factor in AIDS.

Increased likelihood of engaging in unprotected sex

Identify a true statement about the Association Against Prohibition, which was formed in 1926.

Its major hope was that income taxes could be reduced.

States that did not allow sales of liquor became fewer until in 1966 _____________________, the last dry state, allowed sales of liquor.

Mississippi

Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality. (Check all that apply.)

Passive, Depressed, and Impulsive

What happens when enough brandy is added to a newly fermented wine?

The wine will not spoil

Identify a true statement about the distillation process to obtain alcohol.

There is a higher percentage of alcohol in the distillate than there was in the original solution.

Identify a true statement about the grain neutral spirits, which contain relatively pure alcohol.

They are essentially tasteless.

Identify a true statement about French champagnes.

They are naturally carbonated sparkling wines.

Identify a true statement about liqueurs, or cordials.

They are similar in some ways to fortified wines.

Which of the following statements is true of liqueurs, or cordials?

They are usually consumed in small amounts.

Identify a true statement about light beers.

They contain about 10 percent less alcohol than strong beers.

Identify a true statement about patients with alcoholic dementia, which is an organic brain syndrome caused due to alcohol toxicity.

They suffer from impaired problem solving

Identify the diseases associated with immune deficits seen in chronic alcohol abusers. (Check all that apply.)

Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, and Cholera

The major factor determining the rate of alcohol metabolism is the ________________________________________________________________________________________________.

activity of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that _______________________________________________________.

alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that ________________________________________________________________________________________________.

alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

If a person suffers from alcohol-related fatty liver, the liver uses stored fatty acids for energy when ______________________________________________.

alcohol input ceases

It was discovered many years ago in Spain that if enough _______________ is added to a newly fermented wine the fermentation will stop.

brandy

Cynthia drank alcohol at a college party. She drank a lot of alcohol and vomited. She began drinking alcohol again after vomiting. In this scenario, a point to remember is that drinking after vomiting _______________________________________________________________________________________________.

can lead to lethal concentrations of alcohol in the blood

During the process of fermentation, yeast recombines the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of sugar into ethyl alcohol and ____________________.

carbon dioxide

When alcohol is formed during distillation, other alcohols and oils that are known as ___________________ are also formed.

congeners

In the context of the disease model of alcohol dependence, a consequence of defining alcohol dependence as a primary disease is that __________________________________________________________________________________________.

drinking itself should be recognized as a problem

Canadian and Scotch whiskeys are made _________________________________.

from about two-thirds straight whiskey and one-third grain neutral spirits

By filtering grain neutral spirits through juniper berries and then diluting it with water, a medicinal-tasting drink is produced. This drink is known as ____________.

gin

Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an _______________________________________________________________________________________.

inability to remember recent events or to learn new information

Alcohol dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system, and this _______________________________________________.

increases heat loss from a drinker's body

According to studies on twins about alcohol dependence, it was observed that ________________________________________________________________________.

inheritance plays a role in alcohol dependence

According to studies on twins about alcohol dependence, it was observed that _________________________________________________________________________.

inheritance plays a role in alcohol dependence

Through the writings indicating a negative view of alcohol, Benjamin Rush _______________________________________________________________________________________.

introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance

Nausea and upset stomach are symptoms of a hangover due to alcohol consumption because alcohol ___________________________________________.

is a gastric irritant

Death resulting from acute alcohol intoxication usually is the result of respiratory failure when the ___________________________________________________.

medulla is depressed

Removal of yeast from bottled or canned American beer is usually accomplished by _________________________________.

pasteurization

As most American beer is sold in bottles or cans, yeast must be removed in order to ____________________________________________________________.

prevent it from spoiling after packaging

Alcohol taken with or after a meal is absorbed more slowly because the _____________________________________________________________________________________.

protein in the food retains the alcohol with it in the stomach

The ______________ is responsible for most absorption of alcohol in the body.

small intestine

According to comparative statistics based on reported sales, ________________________________ leads the list for beer consumption.

the Czech Republic

Brut

the driest champagnes

In the context of alcohol distribution in the body, women might be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol because ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

the stomach enzyme alcohol dehyrogenase is more active than in men than in women

In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed legislation requiring states to reduce the blood alcohol concentration for driving under the influence, or DUI, conviction from 0.10 to ________.

0.08

Arrange the stages of the abstinence syndrome that develops after ceasing alcohol use in the correct order of occurrence.

1. Tremors 2. Hallucinations 3. Delusions 4. Seizure activity

Six of the top ten brands of beer are made by _______________, which sells almost half of all U.S. beer.

Anheuser-Busch

Identify a consequence of heavy drinking on the heart and circulation.

Damage to the heart muscle

True or false: According to a study on the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior, men are less likely to be aroused by violent, erotic films after consuming alcohol.

False

Identify a true statement about the studies on twins about alcohol dependence.

It concluded that some degree of vulnerability to alcohol dependence might be inherited.

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic?

It has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled.

Identify a true statement about alcohol-related liver cirrhosis.

It is a frequently deadly liver disorder associated with heavy alcohol use.

Identify true statements about the impact of prohibition.

It led to a decrease in the rates of alcohol-related deaths at the beginning, and it reduced overall alcohol intake.

Identify a true statement about alcoholic hepatitis, which is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake.

It occurs in areas of liver where cells are dead and dying.

Identify a true statement about Scotch and Canadian whiskeys.

Prohibition introduced these liquors to American drinkers.

After Congress initiated a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages in 1991, the total increase in cost to the consumer resulted in ___________________________________________________________________________________.

about a 2 percent decrease in sales of beer and liquor during the first half of the year.

What happens when heavy alcohol use stops and the alcohol has disappeared from the body of a person who has been drinking alcohol heavily over a prolonged period?

High activity level of the metabolic enzymes continues for four to eight weeks.

________ is made by adding barley malt to other cereal grains, such as ground corn or rice.

Beer

Extra dry

Sweet champagnes

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify an effect of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.

Alcohol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA at the GABA-A receptor

Identify a hormone-related disorder in men that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse.

Testicular atropy

Identify an event in the United States that made people consider the tax revenue from alcohol sale.

The Great Depression