CH 9
26) Generalized hyposecretion of all adrenal cortex hormones leads to __________.
Addison's disease
10) Which one of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone: A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) antidiuretic hormone E) luteinizing hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
16) Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of: A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) growth hormone C) glucagon D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) E) prolactin (PRL)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
23) Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body: A) T3 and T4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone C) oxytocin and prolactin D) insulin and glucagon E) melatonin and glucocorticoids
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
22) Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to: A) cretinism B) dwarfism C) myxedema D) exophthalmos E) acromegaly
Cretinism
27) Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in __________.
Cushing's syndrome
True/False Hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to pituitary dwarfism.
False
True/False Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of insulin.
False
27) Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the: A) pineal gland B) thymus C) parathyroid glands D) adrenal cortex E) posterior pituitary
Parathyroid glands
45) Which hormone works with estrogen to bring about the menstual cycle: A) human chorionic gonadotropin B) progesterone C) testosterone D) prolactin E) oxytocin
Progesterone
26) Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to: A) reabsorb potassium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb calcium D) reabsorb iodine E) reabsorb hydrogen
Reabsorb sodium
True/False The glucocorticoids help the body handle long-term stress primarily by increasing blood glucose levels
True
True/False Both male and female sex hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex throughout life in relatively small amounts.
True
True/False Exocrine glands are considered ductless glands because they release their hormones into the blood or lymph.
True
True/False Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones.
True
True/False The target issue of prolactin is the female breast.
True
True/False Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4.
True
True/False Parathyroid hormone is the most important regulator of blood calcium concentration.
True
True/False Vasopressin is another name for antidiuretic hormone.
True
16) Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the cortex portion of the __________ gland.
adrenal
28) Another name for epinephrine is __________.
adrenaline
41) Which of these hormones does NOT play a role in reproduction: A) antidiuretic hormone B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) luteinizing hormone D) testosterone E) estrogen
antidiuretic hormone
19) The thyroid gland is located: A) above the kidneys B) below the Adam's apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) within the parathyroid glands
below the Adam's apple
33) Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called: A) alpha cells B) beta cells C) delta cells D) gamma cells E) theta cells
beta cells
1) Which one of the following is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones: A) body coordination B) mobilizing body defenses against stressors C) maintaining electrolyte balance D) regulating cellular metabolism E) growth and development
body coordination
30) Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushing's syndrome: A) moon face B) bronze skin tones C) buffalo hump D) high blood pressure E) water retention
bronze skin tone
5) Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT: A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis
catalyze
31) Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are indicative of a disease called __________.
diabetes mellitus
24) Which one of the following is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex: A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) epinephrine E) aldosterone
epinephrine
12) Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called: A) pituitary dwarfism B) Cushing's disease C) acromegaly D) myxedema E) gigantism
gigantism
15) Hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood results in ______.
gigantism
34) Insulin works as an antagonist to: A) testosterone B) oxytocin C) thyroid hormone D) glucagon E) thymosin
glucagon
23) Cortisone and cortisol and types of __________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.
glucocorticoids
19) An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a __________.
goiter
7) Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called: A) hormonal stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) neural stimulus D) receptor-mediated stimulus E) steroid stimulus
hormonal stimulus
2) The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as: A) effectors B) target cells C) hormones D) neurons E) stimuli
hormones
35) Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
30) Glucagon acts as an antagonist to a hormone called
insulin
34) The __________ cells of the testes produce testosterone.
interstitial
21) The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is: A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) iodine E) bromine
iodine
4) Prostaglandins are: A) amino acid-based hormones B) steroid hormones C) lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes D) glycerol hormones E) target organs
lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes
11) The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is: A) luteinizing hormone B) prolactin C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) progesterone E) interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
32) A hormone called __________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle.
melatonin
38) The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is: A) thymosin B) melatonin C) progesterone D) glucagon E) thyroxine
melatonin
42) Which one of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: A) growth hormone B) prolactin C) oxytocin D) luteinizing hormone E) thyroid-stimulating hormone
oxytocin
17) The posterior pituitary gland releases two hormones called __________ and __________.
oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone
29) Insulin and glucagon are both hormones that are produced by __________.
pancreatic islet cells
21) Calcitonin is made by the __________ of the thyroid gland.
parafollicular cells
13) The hypothalamus is most closely associated with the: A) pineal gland B) pituitary gland C) thymus gland D) thyroid gland E) pancreas
pituitary gland
9) Growth hormone: A) is secreted by the thymus gland B) prevents urine production C) promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles D) is produced by the thyroid gland E) results in Cushing's disease if produced in excess
promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles
22) Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of __________ and __________ ions in our blood.
sodium; potassium
40) Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT: A) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females B) stimulate growth of facial hair C) stimulate menstruation D) help maintain pregnancy E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
stimulate growth of facial hair
8) Tropic hormones: A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones C) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones D) stimulate nervous tissue E) stimulate prostaglandins
stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
20) The body's major metabolic hormone is called: A) prolactin B) growth hormone C) adrenaline D) thyroid hormone E) calcitonin
thyroid hormone
18) Another name for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is __________.
vasopressin
18) Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: A) parathyroid hormone (PTH) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) glucagon D) oxytocin E) prolactin (PRL)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
44) The secondary sex characteristics brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include: A) growth of facial hair B) development of heavy bones C) development of breasts D) lowering the voice E) development of heavy muscles
Development of breasts
43) The cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called: A) interstitial cells B) alpha cells C) beta cells D) pancreatic islet cells E) gonadotropic cells
Interstitial cells
15) Which one of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin: A) stimulation of uterine contractions B) stimulation of breast milk ejection C) stimulation of menstruation D) postpartum bleeding control E) labor induction
Stimulation of menstruation
True/False Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine.
True
True/False Alcohol can suppress the production of antidiuretic hormone.
True
True/False Hypersecretion of the sex hormones may lead to masculinization in both men and women.
True
True/False Hyposecretion of FSH or LH leads to sterility in both males and females
True
True/False Melatonin production peaks during the night to help regulate the body's day-night cycle.
True
True/False Mineralocorticoids help regulate both water and electrolyte balance in body fluids
True
True/False Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.
True
True/False Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary through the blood of the portal circulation.
True
True/False The adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue.
True
True/False The adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary are both composed of nervous tissue
True
True/False The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
True
True/False The pituitary gland is found in the brain closely associated with the hypothalamus
True
True/False The placenta is a temporary organ formed in the uterus of pregnant women
True
True/False The posterior pituitary gland stores the hormones it releases, but does not manufacture them.
True
True/False Calcitonin is a hormone antagonistic to parathormone in the regulation of blood calcium concentration.
True
True/False Hyposecretion of thyroxine in children can result in cretinism.
True
35) Insulin causes: A) a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose B) an increase in the concentration of blood glucose C) an increase in blood pressure D) an increase in the production of glucagon E) a decrease in blood pressure
a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
25) Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called __________.
androgens
3) Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells: A) plasma membrane permeability changes B) cellular mutations occur C) enzymes are activated or inactivated D) mitosis is stimulated E) proteins are synthesized in the cell
cellular mutations occur
32) Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines: A) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs C) increased heart rate D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood glucose levels
decreased blood pressure
25) Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla: A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) cortisone D) glucocorticoids E) epinephrine
epinephrine
31) The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of: A) ADH B) prolactin C) growth hormone D) epinephrine E) melatonin
epinephrine
20) Anteriorly protruding eyes associated with hyperthyroidism is called __________.
exophthalmos
14) An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called: A) exophthalmos B) goiter C) cretinism D) myxedema E) acromegaly
goiter
37) The pineal gland produces A) thymosin B) melatonin C) estrogen D) insulin E) cortisol
melatonin
36) Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus: A) polyuria B) polydipsia C) moon face D) polyphagia E) acidosis
moon face
6) Negative feedback mechanisms regulate: A) steroid hormones only B) amino acid-based hormones only C) prostaglandin hormones only D) very few hormones E) most hormones
most hormones
29) Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT: A) help resist long-term stress B) increase blood glucose levels C) decrease edema D) suppress inflammation E) regulate salt content of the blood
regulate salt content of blood
24) The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, which causes the release of aldosterone, is called __________.
renin
28) The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called: A) cortisone B) renin C) cortisol D) vasopressin E) angiotensin
renin
33) A hormone called __________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells.
thymosin
39) The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is: A) thymosin B) melatonin C) aldosterone D) progesterone E) thyroxine
thymosin
True/False Neurosecretory cells transport oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone to the anterior pituitary gland for storage.
False
True/False The adrenal cortex is made up of neural tissue.
False
True/False The endocrine system is generally faster than the nervous system in coordinating the activities of body cells.
False
True/False The thymus gland is located in the neck wrapped around the trachea.
False
True/False Myxedema is the result of hyperthyroidism.
False
True/False The pancreas produces both glucagon and glucocorticoids.
False
17) Which one of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive organs: A) follicle-stimulating hormone B) adrenocorticotropic hormone C) prolactin D) thyroid-stimulating hormone E) growth hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone