ch. 9 lumbar

The left SI joint is open with an RPO projection.

True

Ferguson Method: Scoliosis Series

•2 IRs used •Elevate convex side

where do you center for a AP Axial sacrum

•CR 2 inches (5 cm) superior to pubic symphysis

where do you center for a AP Axial coccyx

•CR 2 inches (5 cm) superior to symphysis pubis

Lateral Sacrum and Coccyx centering

•CR 3-4 inches posterior to ASIS (centering for sacrum)

AP Axial L5-S1 angle for males and females, and where to center?

•CR 30° (male) to 35° (female) cephalad •CR enters at level of ASIS

Oblique Lumbar Spine

-Part Position: rotate body 45 ̊ and align with the midline of the IR. -CR ≈ 1-2 inches above iliac crest -2 inches medial to upside ASIS

The AP axial coccyx has a tube angle of _____________

10 degrees

What type of CR is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

10° caudad

What type of CR is required for an PA axial projection of the coccyx?

10° cephalad

The AP axial sacrum has a tube angle of____________

15 degrees

What type of CR is required for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

15° cephalad

What type of CR angle is recommended for an AP axial L5-S1 projection on a female patient?

35° cephalad

Which degree of rotation will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints at the L1-L2 vertebral level?

45

Zygapophyseal Joints are demonstrated in Lumbar spine through what projections?

45°Oblique Downside, LPO, or RPO

Intervertebral Foramina are demonstrated in Cervical spine through what projections?

45°Oblique Upside, LPO, or RPO

for a lateral lumbar spine what CR angle do you put with no support to keep the spine straight?

5 ̊ to 8°caudad tube angle is needed.

for a lumbar spot projection what angle needs to be put on the CR

5 ̊ to 8°caudad tube angle is needed.

What type of CR angle is recommended for a lateral projection of the lumbar spine if the mid-abdomen is not supported?

5° to 8° caudad

Zygapophyseal Joints are demonstrated in Thoracic spine through what projections?

70°Oblique Upside, LPO, or RPO

Studies have shown that a PA projection results in approximately ____ reduction in dose to the breasts as compared with an AP taken during a scoliosis study.

90%

Which of the following is a condition of unknown cause in which calcification of bony ridges between vertebrae occurs, creating a lack of mobility with a "bamboo" appearance?

Ankylosing spondylitis

Posterior Oblique SI Joints (LPO & RPO)

Elevate affected side 25° to 30° CR perpendicular 1 inch (2.5 cm) medial to upside ASIS Elevated side is demonstrated

Lateral Coccyx CR positioning

CR 3-4 inches posterior and 2 inches distal to ASIS (centering for coccyx).

AP axial SI joints (ferguson method)

CR 30° to 35° cephalad CR 2 inches (5 cm) below level of ASIS

AP Lumbar Spine should be centered to what?

CR centered to level of iliac crest

The anterior oblique (RAO and LAO) positions of the lumbar spine will demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints closest to the image receptor.

False

lower costal margin corresponds to the level of:

L2-3

The iliac crest corresponds with the ____ vertebral level.

L4-5

Which of the following lumbar spine projections will best demonstrate the extent of a compression fracture, which is frequently associated with osteoporosis?

Lateral

PA (AP) Projection: Scoliosis Series

Lower IR border 1-2 inches below iliac crest.

The portion of each lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes is termed:

Pars interarticularis

What type of joint movement occurs with the zygapophyseal joints?

Plane

The anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis and is the ridge of the body of the first sacral segment is termed:

Promontory

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the left zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine?

RAO

Which zygapophyseal joint is demonstrated with an LAO position of the lumbar spine?

Right

The ASIS corresponds to the level of?

S1-2

The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) corresponds to the level of:

S1-2

A congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop is termed:

Spina Bifida

What is the joint classification of the zygapophyseal joints?

Synovial/diarthrodial

The xiphoid tip corresponds to the level of:

T9-10

An anterior wedging of vertebrae with a loss of body height but rarely causing neurologic symptoms is called:

a compression fracture.

Another term for the wings of the sacrum is:

ala

know the "scottie dog"

and segments they make up to show the "scottie dog"

Studies have shown that a PA projection results in approximately ____ reduction in dose to the breasts as compared with an AP taken during a scoliosis study

breast and thyroid dose reduced by 90

The intervertebral joints in the lumbar spine are classified as:

cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial.

The long axis of the sacrum is generally angled more posteriorly in males or females?

females

An average of how many segments make up the adult coccyx?

four segment(s) make up the adult coccyx

AP Lumbar Spine: Leg Position should be what?

hips and knees flexed. The hips and knees be flexed for patient comfort and to reduce the lumbar curvature.

Intervertebral Foramina are demonstrated in Lumbar spine through what projections?

lateral

Intervertebral Foramina are demonstrated in Thoracic spine through what projections?

lateral

Zygapophyseal Joints are demonstrated in Cervical spine through what projections?

lateral

lead Mat Reduces Radiation Scatter for what projection?

lateral

The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar spine is termed:

pars interarticularis.

The eye of the "Scottie dog" represents the ____ of the lumbar vertebrae.

pedicle

The posterior oblique positions (RPO and LPO) demonstrates the?

the downside zygapophyseal joints. Example: LPO demonstrates the left zygapophyseal joints

The anterior oblique positions (RAO and LAO) demonstrates the?

the upside zygapophyseal joints. Example: LAO demonstrates the right zygapophyseal joints

what are the degree of rotation for the zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine?

the zygapophyseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae (L1-L2) are 50 ̊in relationship to the midsagittal plane and 30 ̊ for L5-S1. The average degree of rotation for L3-L4 is 45 ̊