Ch. 9 True False (NUR 344)

Sixty-five percent of older adults will develop diverticulitis by 85.

False

Squamous cell skin cancer is the most common skin cancer, accounting for 65-85% of cases.

False

TIA does not increase the risk of stroke compared to those who have not had a TIA.

False

The main causes of amputation are trauma (54%) and vascular disease (45%).

False

The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is good because people often respond well to treatment.

False

Parkinson's disease (PD) one of the most common neurological diseases, affecting at least 4 million people in the United States.

True

90% of older adults with diabetes have T2DM, which is often related to obesity

True

A major risk factor for all types of skin cancer is sun exposure.

True

Adults over the age of 65 are advised to get a pneumonia vaccine (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, or PPV).

True

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the most common cause of reading, close-up vision, and visual impairment for those over age 65

True

Included in the risk factors for getting cataracts are tobacco use, family history of cataracts, high alcohol intake, and lack of dietary antioxidants.

True

Knee replacements are mainly related to advanced arthritis that causes severe pain and decreased function

True

Malignant melanoma identified with the ABCDE method and accounts for the vast majority of deaths from skin cancer.

True

Many older adults require several medications to achieve adequate control of their hypertension. Combination therapy allows for smaller doses of each drug and may help avoid side effects.

True

Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms have some distinctive movement characteristics with the components of stiffness, shuffling gait, arms at the side when walking, incoordination, and a tendency to fall backward.

True

Persons with GERD should avoid chocolate, peppermint, and caffeine, as these can loosen the LES and allow more acid into the esophagus.

True

One of the symptoms of RA is gelling, where joints are flaccid after rest.

False

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an acute, sudden degenerative disorder of the central nervous system in which nerve cells in the basal ganglia degenerate quickly.

False

Patient/Family Teaching Regarding Parkinson's Disease Key Areas include immediate placement in a skilled nursing facility to provide safety and intense treatment.

False

Signs and symptoms of acute closed angle or narrow angle glaucoma are not affected by emotional stress.

False

All of the following are risk factors for colorectal cancer: any relative with colorectal cancer, age 35 or older, hereditary disease such familial polyposis, and history of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.

False

Cancer is the leading cause of death in older adults.

False

Chronic open angle or primary open angle glaucoma is a medical emergency and the patient should seek emergency help immediately

False

Epilepsy is the leading cause of seizures in older adults, and the symptoms are more vague in the elderly than in younger adults

False

It is essential that older adults with diabetes have a dilated eye exam every 3 years.

False

Medication Guidelines for hypertension state ≥60 years, pharmacological treatment should be initiated to lower systolic BP if ≥150 mm Hg or diastolic BP if ≥90 mm Hg and continue to treat to attain a systolic BP of <150 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of <90 mm Hg.

True

Pain is more prevalent in RA, and joint deformities can cause more debilitation than is generally seen with OA.

True

Presyncope (light-headedness) can be caused by medications that induce orthostatic hypotension, hypovolemia, low blood sugar, or some other cause of lack of blood flow to the brain.

True

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis include: personal history of fracture after age 50, history of fracture in a first-degree relative, estrogen deficiency as a result of menopause, especially early or surgically induced, low lifetime calcium intake, and low testosterone levels in men.

True

In older adults with coexisting cardiovascular disease, starting with the usual doses of a hypothyroid medication may exacerbate angina and worsen the underlying heart disease, so it is important to start with the highest dose and decrease the dose as needed.

False

Modifiable risks for OA include: obesity, joint injury, occupation, structural alignment, and gender.

False

Older adults always have the classical symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss when suspecting a diagnosis of T2DM.

False

One of the Principles of Bowel Programs to Prevent Constipation is to add multiple interventions at one time to achieve optimum results and alleviate constipation.

False

Osteoporosis, bone disorder characterized by low bone density or porous bones, is thought of as a man's disease.

False

All women over the age of 65 years should have bone mineral density (BMD) or bone mass measurement done, while women with risk factors for osteoporosis should have BMD at age 60

True

Any skin lesions larger than 6 mm, or those with any of the ABCDE signs, should be referred for biopsy.

True

Arthritis is a major source of pain and the number one chronic complaint and cause of disability in the United States

True

Complications of constipation include: fecal incontinence, fecal impaction, urinary retention, rectal prolapse, diverticular disease, and impaired quality of life.

True

Constipation is the most common bowel problem in older adults

True

Corneal Ulcer are more common in the elderly because they have worn contact lenses, either for a very long time or as a result of cataract surgery; improper cleaning or accidents can occur when placing the lenses, which can cause corneal abrasions.

True

Diverticulosis can present with pain in the left lower quadrant (LLQ), can get worse after eating, and may improve after a bowel movement.

True

HgbA1c ≤7% indicates optimal glycemic control; however, due to poor health outcomes, for frail older adults or those with a life expectancy ≤5 years this may not be the best, and HgbA1c of 8% might be more appropriate.

True

If questioning a possible Retinal Detachment, seek medical help immediately.

True

In contrast to OA, RA is caused by chronic inflammation that can cause severe joint deformities and loss of function over time.

True

People who are high risk should have a colonoscopy every 3-5 years starting at age 40, or at least 10 years prior to when it appeared in any close relatives.

True

Sensory Impairments: most of the common abnormalities seen in the elderly are related to vision.

True

Stool softeners are given for hardened stool, and the person must drink at least a liter of fluid per day for them to be effective.

True

The AHA lists the following as the major cardiovascular diseases: hypertension (HTN), coronary heart disease (CHD; includes myocardial infarction and angina), heart failure (HF), and stroke.

True

The duration of diabetes, level of glycemia, presence of high blood pressure, dependence on insulin, pregnancy, levels of selected serum lipids, nutritional and genetic factors are all risk factors for diabetic retinopathy.

True

The four cardinal signs of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and gait changes.

True

The most common objective finding is decreased visual acuity, such as that measured with a Snellen eye chart.

True

The most common type of Macular Degeneration is the dry (nonexudative) type.

True

The risk of CHF in older adult's doubles for those with blood pressures over 160/90.

True

The signs and symptoms of dizziness can vary from lightheadedness lasting seconds to dizziness lasting for days

True

Ulcers are a common cause for hospitalizations for upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

True

Unstable angina may require hospitalization, whereas stable angina can be managed with medication and lifestyle modifications aimed at reducing the workload on the heart and the accompanying oxygen demand.

True

Vast majority of Colorectal (CRC) cancer is adenocarcinoma arising from colonic polyps.

True

Vertigo a false sense of motion or spinning—may be caused by BPPV, which is brought on by normal calcium carbonate crystals breaking loose and falling into the wrong part of the inner ear.

True

Warning signs of constipation with: family history of colon cancer, rectal bleeding, unexplained anemia, weight loss, or narrowed caliber of stool require medical follow up.

True

When symptoms continue over a period of weeks and up to 3 months and are often recurring, chronic sinusitis should be suspected.

True