Ch.1 - Integrating research, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement processes

Reliability and validity

Area where author(s) of the study discuss potential sources of error in the study

What does it mean to perform a critical appraisal?

Nurses must be knowledgeable consumers of research, who can evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of research evidence and use existing standards to determine the merit and readiness of research for use in clinical practice.

Level VII

Opinion or authorities and/or report of expert committees

Critiques address both ____ and ____ of a research study.

Strengths and weaknesses

Critical reading involves what steps?

1) Preliminary understanding 2) Comprehensive understanding 3) Analysis understanding 4) Synthesis understanding

What are the steps of implementing evidence-based practice?

Ask, gather, assess, appraise, act, evaluate

What is evidence-based practice?

Collection, evaluation, and integration of valid research evidence, combined with clinical expertise and an understanding of pt. and family values and preferences, to inform clinical decisions.

How does one determine that a quantitative study was conducted?

Control, treatment group, survey, coorelational, ex post facto, random sample are mentioned Variables are measured on scales, Reliabity/validity of instruments are discussed Statistical analysis are used for data

Level III

Controlled trial without randomization (quasiexperimental study)

Quantitative research uses which reasoning approach?

Deductive

Evidence-based guidelines

Developed using published research findings

Consensus guidelines

Expert-based guidelines; developed by an agreement of experts in the field

Integrative review

Focused review and synthesis of research of theoretical literature in a particular focus area, and includes specific steps of literature integration and synthesis without statistical analysis

Inductive reasoning

Get data, then make hypothesis; Bottom up Specific --> general More qualitative

Level of evidence

How well the study is designed and executed - level does not tell study's worth; rather it is another tool to indicate study's strengths and weaknesses and the nature of the evidence provided in the findings and the conclusions

Qualitative research focuses on ___.

Human experience; subjective data

Qualitative research uses which reasoning approach?

Inductive

Qualitative studies are usually conducted in a ___ setting

Natural

What is a critique?

Process of critical appraisal that objectively and critically evaluates a research report's content for specific merit and application to practice

_____ research seeks to interpret meaning, whereas _____ research seeks to test a hypothesis or answer research questions using statistical methods.

Qualitative, quantitative

Evaluate the body of evidence by looking at what 3 things?

Quality - extent of design Quantity - degree of study Consistency - repetition of study

2 types of research?

Quantitative & qualitative

Recommendation/implications

Recommendations for future studies concerning the same subject

Describe quantitative research

Research questions that describe phenomena, test relationships, assess differences, seek to explain cause-and-effect relationships b/w variables, and test for intervention effectiveness

What's the difference between research and EBP & QI?

Research supports new knowledge EBP & QI uses currently available knowledge to improve health care delivery

Research follows the steps of which process?

Scientific process

Describe an abstract

Short, comprehensive synopsis or summary of a study at beginning of an article; it quickly focuses reader unman points of study; it is concise, self-contained, specific, non evaluative, coherent, and readable 50-250 words

Level VI

Single descriptive or qualitative study

Level IV

Single non experimental study (Case-control, correlation, cohort studies)

Deductive reasoning

Starts with hypothesis, test it, see if data supports it; Top down General --> specific More quantitative

Data analysis/results

Statistical tests used and the results of descriptive and/or inferential tests applied in quantitative studies

Communicating results

Study can be presented through a research article, poster, or paper presentation.

Describe a Purpose

Study's aim or objective

Describe a Hypothesis

Study's question.

Meta-analysis

Summary of a number of studies focused on one question, or topic, and uses a specific statistical methodology to synthesize the findings in order to draw conclusions about the area of focus.

Systematic review

Summation and assessment of a group of quantitative research studies on a focused clinical question

Meta-synthesis/meta-summary

Synthesis of a number of qualitative research studies using qualitative methodology. Qualitative

Level I

Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviewa

Level V

Systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative study

What is Quality improvement (QI)?

Systematic use of data to monitor outcomes of care processes as well as the use of improvement methods to design and test changes in practice for the purpose of continuously improving the faulty and safety of health care.

Research is _____.

Systematic, rigorous, critical investigation that aims to answer questions about nursing phenomena

Clinical guidelines

Systematically developed statements or recommendations that serve as a guide for practitioners. Assist in bridging practice and research

Qualitative data is usually in __?

Text, words

Sampling

The population that was studied. The number of subjects that participated in the study as well as the number of subjects who dropped out of the study should be enumerated.

References

This list supports the material presented by ID'ing the sources in a manner that allows for easy retrieval

Describe a Theoretical framework

This section includes main concepts investigated.

Analysis understanding involves?

Understanding the terms and parts of the study

Synthesis understanding involves?

Understanding the whole article and each step of the research process in a study - assess the study's validity

Level II

Well-designed RCT

Describe an Introduction

Where researcher presents a background picture of the area researched and its significance to practice

Discussion

Where researchers tie together all of study's pieces to give a picture of a study as a whole Also where researchers go back to literature reviewed and discuss how their study is similar/different

Preliminary understanding involves?

familiarizing self with content - skimming the content

Comprehensive understanding involves?

understanding the researcher's purpose or intent