CH.1 QUIZZES notes

When Columbus first sailed to America in 1492, Christian Europe was entirely Catholic; twenty-five years later, following Martin Luther's 95 Theses, the Protestant Reformation had begun, and Europe was thrown into more than a hundred years of Christian religious wars.

True

Which of the following colonies was established first?

Virginia

A "visible saint" was the term Puritans used to describe:

a person who had experienced divine grace, often during a lightning storm.

Because Puritan Massachusetts was deeply religious, ministers were frequently elected to colonial offices.

false

The Half-Way Covenant applied to whom?

grandchildren of the English Great Migration

Among the problems facing the early settlers of Jamestown colony were:

high rates of death and disease.

The Mayflower Compact of 1620 asserted that:

just and equal laws made by male representatives onboard were to rule.

The main lure for the majority of migrants from England to the New World was:

land ownership.

Which is not an achievement of the Indians of North America in the thousands of years before Columbus's arrival?

people in present-day Arizona constructed a large circle of red-earthen boulders.

Who were the Peninsulares?

persons of European birth

The English "enclosure" movement of the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off "commons" land so that the land could be taken up by:

sheep

The freedom of a Christian man or woman meant/means:

subservience, submission, and servitude to God

Which of the following was not a significant trend of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English society?

the elimination of gender hierarchies

The chief goal of fifteenth-century Portuguese expansion was:

the http://quizlet.com/create_set/establishment of a trading empire in Asia.

Which of the following was not a significant motivation behind European colonization in the New World?

the spread of democracy to the Americas

Colonial Virginia's economic substitute for gold was:

tobacco

Which of the following crops did John Rolfe introduce to the English colonies?

tobacco

Anne Hutchinson scandalized Massachusetts authorities both for her unorthodox religious ideas and for her "unwomanly" engagement in public issues.

true

The "Rights of Englishmen" were established in the Magna Carta.

true

Under the Headright System, anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate.

true

In 1600s Virginia, a femme sole could do all of the following except:

vote.

Having fled religious intolerance in England, the Puritans in Massachusetts:

were intolerant of persons who disagreed with their version of Christianity.

At the time of first contact between Europeans and Native Americans, Native Americans had not developed:

wheeled transportation.

The reconquista happened in

1492

The first African slaves were transported to the New World in what year?

1502

After four trips across the Atlantic, Columbus recognized he had not reached Asia.

False

At the time of Portugal's Atlantic exploration, the economies of West Africa were organized chiefly around slavery.

False

Before Europeans arrived in the New World, Native Americans were without extensive trading networks, irrigation systems, or large cities.

False

Between 1492 and 1820, approximately 20 million African slaves came from the Old World to the New World.

False

Europeans in the 1500s held firmly to the view that all men are created equal.

False

In 1492 the population of Europe was greater than that of the Americas.

False

In 1493, the Catholic Pope, Alexander VI, divided all the Americas between Spain and Britain.

False

In 1585, the English attempted to establish Jamestown in North America.

False

In the 1600s in Massachusetts, full church membership was not required to vote in colony-wide elections.

False

Intermarriage between Indians and English settlers was common.

False

Little contact existed among the diverse Indian societies of North America.

False

Most European men in the 1500s owned property and could vote.

False

New Netherland extended all the way down from Quebec to the lower Mississippi Valley.

False

Of the ten million people who crossed the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the Americas in the 328 years from 1492 to 1820, most were white Europeans.

False

The Aztecs lived in a peaceful, non-violent society.

False

The Half-Way Covenant (1662) held that believers in the divine right of kings were good.

False

The Pilgrims were Puritans.

False

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was swiftly crushed by Spanish authorities.

False

When the author, Eric Foner, uses the term "unfree labor," he refers to those persons who were performing work, not for free as volunteers, but for wages.

False

Which of the following European countries did not have a colonial presence in seventeenth-century North America?

Germany

In the religious view of the Puritans, you would get to heaven if:

God predestined you to heaven or hell; no earthly act could change that.

The expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which of the following labor groups?

Indentured servants

Which of the following was not a significant feature of indentured servitude in seventeenth-century Virginia?

Indentured servants never comprised more than a small percentage of Virginians, the great majority of whom arrived either as free settlers or slaves.

In the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish in Central and South America relied on many of which of the following groups to work fields and mines?

Indians

Which was not a characteristic of Roger Williams' Rhode Island colony?

It required citizens to attend church.

The first permanent English settlement in the area now known as the United States was at:

Jamestown, Virginia.

Who of the following was the founding Governor of Virginia?

John Smith

Which was not expressed by Bartolome de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552?

He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration.

Which of the following was not a feature of Native American civilization prior to the voyages of Columbus?

Large cities were unknown to the Americas.

During the Pueblo Revolt, which of the following names were ordered to never be spoken again?

Mary

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

Mayflower Compact (1620); trial of Anne Hutchinson(1630); Half-Way Covenant (1662)

In which country did the reconquista occur?

Spain

Which was not a means by which Cortez conquered the Aztecs?

He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons.

Who was the English-speaking American Indian the Pilgrims encountered at Plymouth Bay in 1620?

Squanto

The oldest site in the present-day United States to be continuously inhabited by Europeans is:

St. Augustine, Florida.

In 1619, the first elected assembly in colonial America was:

The House of Burgesses in Virginia.

Which of the following did not happen in the 1630s?

The House of Burgesses was established

Which of the following was not a notable feature of sixteenth-century Spanish America?

The Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs.

Which of the following was not a central theme of Puritan thought?

The quest for material prosperity is a sign of moral corruption.

Which was not an aspect of Native American religious beliefs?

Their written religious text was called the Wicca.

Which was not a characteristic of American Indians?

There were four different tribes in the Americas

Africans enslaved other Africans long before the arrival of European traders.

True

Approximately 10 million men, women and children came from the Old World to the New World between 1492 and 1820.

True

At the end of their period of indenture, indentured servants were often given "freedom dues" and became a free member of society.

True

At the time of first contact with the Europeans, perhaps 12 million people lived in the Inca kingdom.

True

Because Jamestown was settled next to a malarial swamp, many settlers died.

True

Colonial America was a hierarchical society in which some European colonists were indentured servants, Indians were held in forced labor, and Africans were slaves.

True

Colonial Massachusetts was organized into self-governing towns.

True

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, all European nations had established churches, and religious wars between nations (and sometimes within them) were fierce.

True

England's ongoing struggle to subdue Ireland delayed its entry into New World colonization.

True

Horses, cows, pigs, and sheep were unknown to the Americas until Europeans brought them there.

True

In 1537, Pope Paul III decreed Indian slavery ended, but not African slavery.

True

In Puritan New England a husband's authority in his house was nearly absolute; genuine freedom for a woman was understood to come from her subjection to her husband's will and desires.

True

In the Spanish colonies race and class were not importahttp://quizlet.com/12588575/edit/nt.

True

Most Indian tribes were matrilineal.

True

On the eve of colonization of the Americas, freedom in Europe was framed in hierarchical, top-down terms, with each level of society enjoying its own degree of freedom.

True

Perhaps 80 million Native Americans died in the century and a half following first contact in consequence of diseases carried by Europeans.

True

Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for advocating freedom of individual conscience and religious choice.

True

Small-scale slavery in which Indians enslaved other Indians existed in Indian society.

True

Spanish settlers in the New World comprised a mix of laborers, soldiers, priests, bureaucrats, craftsmen, and professionals.

True

The reconquista was the reconquest of Spain from the Moors.

True

The trans-Atlantic voyages of Columbus were sponsored by Spain, which had just achieved its own territorial unification.

True

To justify their colonial ventures, Spain invoked the threat of Protestantism.

True

A key motivation behind early English settlement in the American colonies was:

ALL above - the profits to be made in trans-Atlantic commerce; escape from the material and spiritual corruptions of England; acquisition of land, and thus a measure of personal independence.

Prior to 1800, the largest settled community in what is now the United States was:

Cahokia

Cecilius Calvert envisioned Maryland as a refuge for:

Catholics.

Which was not a characteristic of "coverture"?

Children became the property of the state upon a husband's death.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs; Las Casas's Destruction of the Indies; Spanish abolition of Indian enslavement

In European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World after 1492, all of the following were true except:

Europeans brought with them a broad-ranging tolerance for others' viewpoints; kindness and tolerance being the mark of civilized peoples.

A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadors.

False

Which of the following was not a prominent cultural belief among Indian societies of North America?

Only holders of property should take part in tribal governance.

Who was the most prominent Native American leader in the original area of English settlement in Virginia?

Powhatan

A significant outcome of the Portuguese arrival in West Africa was:

an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade.

Which of the following was not a significant outcome of the start of Chesapeake tobacco cultivation?

campaigns to discourage migration by English women, who, it was feared, would distract male Virginians from their work in the fields

Which of the following was not a characteristic of early New England society?

equality of the sexes in church affairs, but not in government affairs