CH.10 CIS 330

wireless local area network (WLAn)

A wireless network that is relatively inexpensive to install and is well-suited to workgroups and users who are not anchored to a specific desk or location.

multiple input/multiple output (MiMo)

A wireless networking technology incorporated in the IEEE 802.11n and 802.11ac standards that uses multiple data streams and multiple antennas to achieve higher transmission speeds and substantially increase wireless range over earlier standards.

client

Workstation that users interact with in a client/server design. These workstations, or computers, are supplied data, processing services, or other support from other computers, called servers.

point-of-sale (PoS) .

The part of an information system that handles daily sales transactions and maintains the online inventory file.

Mbps (megabits per second)

A bandwidth or throughput measurement.

Explain the difference between a LAN and a WAN

A LAN (local area network) is a group of computers and network devices connected together, usually within the same building. ... A WAN connects several LANs, and may be limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the public.

data processing center

A central location where physical data was delivered or transmitted in some man- ner and entered into the system. Users in the organization had no input or output capability, except for printed reports that were distributed by a corporate IT department.

access point

A central wireless device that provides network services to wireless clients.

wireless access point (WAP)

A central wireless device that provides network services to wireless clients. Also called an access point.

application server

A computer acting as "middlemen" between customers and an organization's databases and applications. Often used to facilitate complex business transactions.

bus network

A computer network where a single communication path connects the mainframe computer, server, workstations, and peripheral devices. Information is transmitted in either direction from any workstation to another workstation, and any message can be directed to a specific device

router

A device that connects network segments, determines the most efficient data path, and guides the flow of data.

net-centric computing

A distributed environment where applications and data are downloaded from serv- ers and exchanged with peers across a network on an as-needed basis.

hierarchical network

A network design where one computer (typically a mainframe) controls the entire network. Satellite computers or servers control lower levels of processing and network devices.

802.11

A family of wireless network specifications developed by the IEEE.

bluetooth

A form of wireless transmission very popular for short-distance wireless communication that does not require high power.

n-tier design

A multilevel design or architecture. For example, three-tier designs are also called n-tier designs, to indicate that some designs use more than one intermediate layer.

mesh network

A network design in which each node connects to every other node. While this design is very reliable, it is also expensive to install and maintain.

local area network (LAn)

A network design that allows the sharing of data and hardware, such as print- ers and scanners. Advances in data communication technology have made it possible to create power- ful networks that use satellite links, high-speed fiber-optic lines, or the Internet to share data.

fat client

A network design that locates all or most of the application processing logic at the client. Also called a thick client design.

multipath design

A network design that relies on multiple data paths to increase bandwidth and range, using MIMO (multiple input/multiple output) technology.

two-tier design

A network design where the user interface resides on the client, all data resides on the server, and the application logic can run either on the server or on the client, or be divided between the client and the server.

star network

A network design with a central device and one or more workstations connected to it in a way that forms a star pattern.

transparent .

A network is transparent if a user sees the data as if it were stored on his or her own workstation.

ring network

A network resembling a circle of computers that communicate with each other. A ring net- work often is used when processing is performed at local sites rather than at a central location.

wide area network (WAn)

A network spanning long distances that can link users who are continents apart

MAn (metropolitan area network)

A network that uses 802.16 standards, which are broadband wireless communications protocols.

proxy server .

A networking device that provides Internet connectivity for internal LAN users.

Wi-Fi Alliance

A nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless network products based on IEEE 802.11 specifications.

knee of the curve

A performance characteristic of a client/server computing environment. Client/server response times tend to increase gradually and then rise dramatically as the system nears its capacity. The point where response times increase dramatically.

node

A physical device, wired or wireless, that can send, receive, or manage network data.

roaming

A process that allows wireless clients to move from one access point to another, automatically associating with the stronger access point and allowing for uninterrupted service.

institute of electrical and electronics engineers (ieee)

A professional organization that establishes stan- dards for telecommunications.

platform

A specific hardware and software configuration that supports IT business goals, such as hard- ware connectivity and easy integration of future applications. Also called an environment.

web-centric

A strategy or approach that emphasizes a high degree of integration with other web-based components. A web-centric architecture follows Internet design protocols and enables a company to integrate the new application into its ecommerce strategy.

thick client

A system design that locates most or all of the application processing logic at the client. Also called a fat client design.

thin client

A system design that locates most or all of the processing logic at the server.

mainframe architecture

A system design where the server performs all the processing.

distributed database management system (DDbMS)

A system for managing data stored at more than one location. Using a DDBMS offers several advantages: Data stored closer to users can reduce network traffic; the system is scalable, so new data sites can be added without reworking the system design

system architecture

A translation of the logical design of an information system into a physical structure that includes hardware, software, network support, and processing methods.

logical topology

A view of a network that describes the way the components interact, rather than the actual network cabling and connections.

wiki

A web-based repository of information that anyone can access, contribute to, or modify

corporate portal

A website that provides various tools and features for an organization's customers, employees, suppliers, and the public.

infrastructure mode

A wireless network configuration in which a central wireless device called an access point is used to serve all wireless clients; also called Basic Service Set (BSS).

basic Service Set (BSS)

A wireless network configuration in which a central wireless device called an access point is used to serve all wireless clients; also called infrastructure mode.

network. extended Service Set (eSS)

A wireless network configuration made up of two or more Basic Service Set (BSS) networks, which allows wireless clients to roam from BSS to BSS.

802.11n

An IEEE wireless network specification adopted in 2009 that uses multiple input/multiple out- put (MIMO) technology to achieve speeds of 200+ Mbps while increasing the wireless range, and is backward-compatible with 802.11 a, b, and g.

802.11b

An IEEE wireless network specification introduced in 1999, based on a frequency of 2.4 GHz, and maximum bandwidth of 11 Mbps. Replaced by 802.11g.

802.11g

An IEEE wireless network specification introduced in 2003 based on a frequency of 2.4 GHz and maximum bandwidth of 54 Mbps; compatible with and replaced 802.11b, and has been super- seded by the 802.11n standard

802.11ac

An IEEE wireless network specification, approved in 2014, that uses expanded multiple input/ multiple output (MIMO) technology to achieve theoretical speeds of nearly 7 Gbps while increasing the wireless range, and is backward-compatible with 802.11 a, b, g, and n.

online system

Handling transactions when and where they occur and providing output directly to users. Because it is interactive, online processing avoids delays and allows a constant dialog between the user and the system.

portal

An entrance to a multifunction website. After entering a portal, a user can navigate to a destina- tion, using various tools and features provided by the portal designer.

semantic web

An evolution of the web where the documents shared on the Internet have semantics (mean- ing) and not just syntax (HTML markup). Sometimes called Web 3.0.

switch

Central networking device in a star network, which manages the network and acts as a conduit for all network traffic

distributed system

Company-wide systems that are connected by one or more LANs or WANs. The capa- bilities of a distributed system depend on the power and capacity of the underlying data communica- tion network.

server

Computer in a client/server design that supplies data, processing, and services to client workstations

oSi (open Systems interconnection) model

Describes how data actually moves from an application on one computer to an application on another networked computer. The OSI consists of seven layers, and each layer performs a specific function.

What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)? What is supply chain management (SCM)

ERP helps in defining a specific architecture which include standard for network, processing, data and user interface design. The main objective of enterprise resource planning is establishing a strategy for company to use IT resources.

Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

Family of popular IEEE local area network wireless networking standards, also known as 802.11, including 802.11a, b, g, and n. 802.11n is the most recent standard. 802.11ac and 802.11ad are proposed new standards

client/server architecture

Generally refers to systems that divide processing between one or more net- worked clients and a central server. In a typical client/ server system, the client handles the entire user interface, including data entry, data query, and screen presentation logic. The server stores the data and provides data access and database management functions. Application logic is divided in some manner between the server and the clients.

three-tier design

In a three-tier design, the user interface runs on the client and the data is stored on the server, just as in a two-tier design. A three-tier design also has a middle layer between the client and server that processes the client requests and translates them into data access commands that can be understood and carried out by the server.

List the sections of a system design specification, and describe the contents.

Management summary system components system environment implementation requirements estimation of time and cost additional material

Explain the main difference between the BSS and ESS wireless topologies.

On the other Hand the Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of two or more BSS networks connected together. With the use of ESS topology, wireless access can expand over a wide-ranging area which allows roaming

HttP/2

The second major version of the network protocol used by the web. Released as a standard in 2015.

internet operating system

Part of the Web 2.0 model, an online computing environment created by online communities and services, based on layers of shared information that can contain text, sound bytes, images, and video clips.

application

Part of the information system, an application handles the input, manages the processing logic, and provides the required output.

extensibility

Refers to a system's ability to expand, change, or downsize easily to meet the changing needs of a business enterprise. Also known as scalability.

glueware

Software that connects dissimilar applications and enables them to communicate and exchange data. For example, middleware can link a departmental database to a web server that can be accessed by client computers via the Internet or a company intranet. Also called middleware.

802.16

Specifications developed by the IEEE for broadband wireless communications over MANs (met- ropolitan area networks).

scaling on demand

The ability to match network resources to needs at any given time; a feature of cloud computing. For example, during peak loads, additional cloud servers might come on line automatically to support increased workloads.

bandwidth

The amount of data that the system can handle in a fixed time period. Bandwidth require- ments are expressed in bits per second (bps).

hub

The center of a star network. Switches in modern networks have largely replaced hubs.

physical topology

The connection structure of an actual network's cabling

supply chain management (SCM)

The coordination, integration, and management of materials, informa- tion, and finances as they move from suppliers to customers, both within and between companies. In a totally integrated supply chain, a customer order could cause a production planning system to sched- ule a work order, which in turn could trigger a call for certain parts from one or more suppliers.

legacy data

The data associated with an older, less technologically advanced legacy system.

application logic

The underlying business rules or logic for an application.

network topology T

The way a network is configured. LAN and WAN networks typically are arranged in one of four common patterns: hierarchical, bus, star, and ring

data frames

Traffic on a computer network.

stand-alone

When personal computers first appeared in large numbers in the 1990, users found that they could run their own word processing, spreadsheet, and database applications, without assistance from the IT group, in a mode called stand-alone computing.

Describe client/server architecture, including fat and thin clients, client/server tiers, and middleware

client sever architecture is defined as the system which divides processes among clients and server

Define the term topology

the study of geometric properties and spatial relations unaffected by the continuous change of shape or size of figures.