CH11 PrepU (Patho)

A sixth-grade science teacher asks the students to explain the role of cilia in the lower respiratory tract. Which student response is best?

"These little hairs move germs trapped in mucus toward the throat so the body can cough them out."

A nurse is caring for several clients with disorders of inflammatory responses. Which client pathophysiologic disease states may arise from this inflammatory response? Select all that apply.

Atherosclerosis Bronchial asthma Multiple sclerosis p. 240

Select the type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow.

B lymphocytes

Once T helper cells are activated, they secrete which substance that activates and influences nearly all of the other cells of the immune system?

Cytokines p. 236

Which of the types of T cells is responsible for destroying pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and by secreting cytokines/lymphokines?

Cytotoxic T cells

A nurse who works in a long-term care facility has observed the high incidence of infectious illnesses among the older adults who reside there. What is the best explanation for a diminished immune capacity in older adults?

Decreased numbers and responsiveness of T lymphocytes

A lactation nurse visits a new mother after delivery of her first child and encourages the mother to breast-feed her infant, even for a short time. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the importance of breast-feeding?

For several months, colostrum will provide the infant with passive immunity to diseases to which the mother has immunity.

A lactation nurse visits a new mother after delivery of her first child and encourages the mother to breast-feed her infant, even for a short time. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the importance of breast-feeding?

For several months, colostrum will provide the infant with passive immunity to diseases to which the mother has immunity. p. 259

A client diagnosed with sepsis has a critically low neutrophil count. The nurse expects which drug or drug class to be used to stimulate white blood cell production?

Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) such as filgrastim

A nurse is administering penicillin to a client diagnosed with a streptococcal infection. The client later develops a systemic rash. Which could be considered a cause of this allergic reaction?

Hapten-carrier complexes p. 246-247

A client has recently received a pneumococcal vaccine and the client's B cells are consequently producing antibodies. Which cells may enhance this production of antibodies?

Helper T cells

The nurse is assisting a new mother with breast-feeding. What does the nurse understand is a primary secretory Ig that is found in the colostrum?

IgA

Which immunoglobulin is primarily found in secretions and has a primary function of providing local immunity on mucosal surfaces?

IgA

Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is the most abundant of circulating antibodies?

IgG

A pregnant client is in labor and the obstetrician suspects that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. If an infection was present, which labs test would be elevated in the fetus at birth?

IgM

The nurse is reviewing the functions of immunoglobulins and determines which immunoglobulin is associated with its correct action?

IgM, the first antibody to be produced by a developing fetus.

A client comes to the emergency room concerned about infection after being cut on the hand by a piece of glass; the skin surrounding the wound is red, warm and painful. After assisting with suture insertion, the nurse develops discharge instructions to include which information on the body's natural defenses? Select all that apply.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense. The epithelial layers of the skin provide innate immunity. Redness, heat, pain and swelling are part of the normal inflammatory process.

Adaptive immune responses, also called acquired or specific immunity, are composed primarily of which type of cells?

Lymphocytes

A person has been exposed to a particular antigen and a now experiences a repeat exposure. What stimulates a quicker immune response?

Memory T cells

While caring for a pediatric client admitted with a viral infection, the nurse knows that which type of cell will be the child's primary defense against the virus?

Natural killer (NK) cells

A blood smear is being examined and a stain has been added that will identify granulocytes. Which cell types will be visible with the stain? Select all that apply.

Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil

The nurse knows that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many common pathophysiologic states. Which diseases should be nurse include in the teaching plan for senior citizens? Select all that apply.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Atherosclerosis Coronary artery disease

A child has a congenital condition in which the thymus gland is absent. What should the nurse include in the education of care of this client to the parents?

Observe and report signs and symptoms of infection. p. 255

A woman experiences a viral infection while pregnant. Which type of immunity does an infant have at birth against this infection?

Passive p. 261

A client is being evaluated for atopic dermatitis possibly caused by a latex-related allergic reaction. The nurse will review which lab results to determine if an allergy is present?

Serum IgE p. 254

A client has been identified as having an excess of macrophage inhibitory factor, causing the client to have inhibited movement and activity of macrophages. Which process should the health care team expect to remain unaffected?

Specificity and memory of the immune response

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid structure located high in the left abdominal cavity?

Spleen

In an attempt to best explain the innate immune system to a class of first-year nursing students, the instructor should describe what characteristic?

The response of the innate immune system is rapid, usually within minutes to hours, and prevents the establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration of microorganisms.

One of the self-regulatory actions of the immune system is to identify self-antigens and be nonreactive to them. Which term best describes this process of the immune system?

Tolerance

A client seeks treatment in the clinic for exposure to poison ivy with a rash over the right arm and hand. The nurse is aware that what toxin is found in the oils on poison ivy that is responsible for eliciting an allergic reaction?

Urushiol

A client comes to the clinic with the following cardinal signs of inflammation: redness, heat, pain and swelling, following a laceration to the thigh. Which statement correctly explains the cause of swelling at the laceration site?

When activated, the complement protein C3 breaks into two fragments. The larger 3b fragment acts as an enzyme to cleave C5 into two components; the C5b fragment produces vasodilation and increases vascular permeability, causing edema. p. 245

A client with infectious mononucleosis asks the nurse why the lymph nodes are enlarged. Which statement is the nurse's appropriate response?

Your lymph nodes trap and destroy viruses

A nurse is reviewing the process required for the development of a healthy innate immune response. Which components need to be included in the review? Select all that apply.

leukocytes, opsonins, cytokines, and complement

While explaining immunity to a client, the nurse responds, "The body's internal organs are protected from pathogens because:

our mucosal tissue contains all the necessary cell components to fight a pathogen with an immune response."

A student asks, "What does cell-mediated immunity mean to the client?" The instructor responds, "This means:

the body is trying to defend itself against intracellular microbe invasion by engulfing and destroying the microbe.