ch.13

In which of the following ways do specific, difficult goals affect motivation?

1. They motivate people to contribute more inputs to their jobs. 2. They help people focus their inputs in the right direction.

What outcomes result in intrinsically motivated behavior?

Autonomy, Enjoyable work, and Responsibility

Organizations try to increase employee motivation and performance by understanding the link between which of the following two factors?

Desired behaviors and outcomes

Adlers ERG theory

E-exsistence R-relatedness G-growth

Which motivation theory suggests that motivation is high when workers believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance leads to the attainment of desired outcomes?

Expectancy

What are the three ways that people can be motivated?

Extrinsically, Intrinsically, and Prosocially

Which of the following combinations does research suggest is important for middle and first-line managers?

High need for achievement, high need for power

Which of the following combinations does recent preliminary research suggest can be especially beneficial for job performance?

High prosocial and high intrinsic motivation

Which of the following is not a need theory?

House's path-goal theory

According to ______, the needs to feel good about one's self, one's capabilities, to be respected by others, and to receive recognition and appreciation are known as esteem needs.

Maslow's hierarchy

A professor who enjoys helping students and is motivated by having a secure job with a good retirement is ______ motivated.

extrinsically and outcome

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once an individual has met a particular need such as safety, ______.

it is no longer a powerful motivator

Emma is trying to increase motivation among her employees by focusing on the link between their performance and outcomes. What type of theory is Emma most likely using? Multiple choice question.

learning

According to the psychologist Alderfer, if individuals experience need frustration, they will focus all the more on meeting needs at the next ______ level in the hierarchy.

lowest

A manager should try to determine what needs a person is trying to satisfy at work and ensure that the person receives outcomes that help satisfy those needs when the person performs at a high level, according to the ______.

need theories

The theory that people learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences is ______ theory.

operant conditioning

According to expectancy theory, instrumentality is a person's perception about the extent to which performance at a certain level results in the attainment of ______.

outcomes

According to the equity theory, motivation is influenced by the comparison of one's own outcome-input ratio with the outcome-input ratio of a(n) ______. Multiple choice question.

referent

To promote ______, learners need to observe a model performing behavior, accurately perceive the behavior, remember the behavior, possess the skills needed to perform the behavior, and recognize that the model receives positive reinforcement for the behavior.

vicarious learning

Which theory focuses on motivating workers to contribute their inputs in the direction of achieving organizational goals?

Goal-setting

What outcomes result in extrinsically motivated behavior?

Pay, Vacation time, and Job security

According to goal-setting theory, people are better able to focus their inputs to achieve goals if they are both specific and difficult. The nature of these goals causes many people to develop ______ plans, which include strategies to attain the goals and timetables or schedules for completion of different activities crucial to goal attainment

action

______ tend to have more motivational power than salaries because a large percentage of a salary is based on factors unrelated to current performance.

bonuses

The justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all organizational members are entitled is

equity

According to Maslow's hierarchy, the need to feel good about one's self, one's capabilities, to be respected by others, and to receive recognition and appreciation is known as ______.

esteem needs

Alderfer's ERG theory contends that humans have three sets of needs that can operate simultaneously. Those needs (representing the E, the R, and the G in that order) are _________, relatedness, and growth.

existence

The belief that people will behave based on their perceived likelihood that their effort will lead to a certain outcome and on how highly they value that outcome defines the ______ theory

expectancy

According to expectancy theory, members of an organization are motivated to put forth a high level of effort only if they think that doing so will result in ______.

high performance

Two types of needs

hygiene needs & motivator needs

Improving the lives of other people is an example of an outcome that results in ______ motivated behavior. Multiple choice question.

prosocially

Negative reinforcement_____ is used to promote the performance of functional behaviors, while ____ is used to stop the performance of

reinforcement; punishment

How desirable the outcomes from a job are to a person is referred to as ______.

valence

Jim works a day job, but is also trying to launch a business in his free time. His current job offers outcomes such as a flexible schedule and health benefits. According to expectancy theory, because Jim is still working at his day job and has not quit to focus on his own business, it is likely that these outcomes have high ______.

valence

Keisha is trying to figure out how best to motivate her team. She provides them with a brief survey to figure out what outcomes appeal to each of them. In doing this, Keisha is trying to assess ______

valence

According to the expectancy theory, in order for people's motivation to be high, ______ must be high.

valence, instrumentality, and expectancy