ch.15

At which of the following ages would you expect acute self-consciousness to be at its highest?

12

Fourteen-year-old Randall plays video games every day. If Randall is like the respondents from a self-reported survey of U.S. 8 to 18-year-olds on video game use, how many hours a day is he playing?

2

According to the text, adults over the age of _____ grew up without the Internet, instant messaging, cell phones, MP3 players, tablets, or digital cameras.

50

Only _____ of teens have ever had a romantic relationship that began online.

6%

About _____ of teens in the United States go online daily.

92%

Which of the following statements about teens' use of the Internet is true?

Adolescents' daily use of the Internet is more likely for social than academic reasons.

Which of the following correlated with higher achievement and PISA scores?

Citizens as a whole value education and support an individualized approach to help students meet their needs.

Which of the following statements is true?

Completing secondary and tertiary education is related to improved health and wealth in every nation.

Which of the following is a possible reason that adolescents struggle socially or academically?

Egocentrism is dominating.

Which country has the highest rate of video game addiction?

Hong Kong

Which of the following statements about hypothetical thought is true?

Hypothetical thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality.

Based on Klaczynski's research, a higher _________________ did not advance logic as much as experience.

IQ test score

Sixteen-year-old Kadisha is on the Internet every day. Which is MOST likely true, based on the research on the Internet and sexual abuse?

Kadisha will avoid sexual predators online.

Formal operational thought is the fourth stage in which developmentalist's theory?

Piaget

What is one way of encouraging adolescents to engage in their education?

Provide programs for students interested in preparing for jobs rather than college.

Randa is being cyberbullied by a group of girls in her middle school. They are sending her hurtful text messages and posting mean messages about Randa on their Instagram and Facebook pages. Which of the following statements is true?

Randa may feel worse about the bullying than if it were only happening to her in person.

In primary school, children multiply real numbers. However, in secondary education adolescents multiply unreal numbers. This is an example of:

a shift from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought in adolescence.

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given:

a single test to determine success or failure.

Lyle is entering the stage of formal operational thought. His thinking is no longer dependent on concrete experiences, as he can now understand concepts that he can neither see nor touch, or _____ concepts.

abstract

Fourteen-year-old Aisha spends at least two hours per night talking to her best friend, Kylie, on the phone. They often go over the details of the day—what everyone at school said, wore, etc. They also talk extensively about their dreams for the future and beliefs about the world, analyze each other's personalities, etc. This seems reflective of:

adolescent egocentrism.

The invincibility fable and the imaginary audience are both related to:

adolescent egocentrism.

What type of thought involves the rational analysis of many factors whose interactions must be calculated?

analytic

Which of the following is a way that adolescents seem to try to avoid feeling like failures during middle school, according to research?

avoid failure by avoiding effort

The imaginary audience leads a teenager to:

both revel in attention and avoid scrutiny.

The PISA exam is intended to gauge:

cognition and problem-solving skills needed in adult life.

_____ is considered tertiary education.

college

When used carefully, _____ can enhance learning.

computer games

Which of the following has narrowed the digital divide?

cost of smartphones

Seventeen-year-old David is gay and living in rural Montana. The Internet will MOST likely _____ his isolation.

decrease

The conclusion that because an animal is a dog, it therefore must be four-legged, have fur, and wag its tail when it is happy, would be an example of:

deductive reasoning

The thought process that involves taking a general statement, premise, or principle and using logical steps to figure out specifics is called:

deductive reasoning

In our current technology explosion, adolescents can be described as:

digital natives

The notion that two networks exist within the brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, describes the:

dual-processing perspective.

Paul Klaczynski found that logical thinking improved with:

education

The structure of middle school does not seem to take into account adolescents':

egocentrism and need for public recognition.

Educational systems that track students into higher or lower classes tend to foster the ________ approach to intelligence.

entity

Greg, who is 4 years old, is MOST likely to respond to the balancing the scale task designed to test formal operational thought by:

failing to understand the task.

Avoiding effort is a way in which adolescents seem to try to avoid ____ during middle school, according to research.

feeling like failures

Gina is now beginning to understand abstract concepts that she cannot see, feel, or touch. She is entering the Piagetian stage of _____ operational thought.

formal

Randy is in the stage of _______ if his thinking no longer depends on concrete experiences.

formal operational thought

What is Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development?

formal operational thought

Javier has been engaging in cyberbullying via social networking sites since the beginning of eighth grade. It is likely that:

he already displayed bullying behavior before he began cyberbullying.

Javier has been engaging in bullying behavior since elementary school. It is likely that:

he will engage in cyberbullying.

Which nation has the highest rate of Internet addiction?

hong kong

Austin, age 13, believes that other people are watching him constantly. This aspect of egocentrism is known as the _____.

imaginary audience

Bonnie loves to dress eccentrically, dyes her hair wild colors, and has a lot of facial piercings. She believes that everyone is looking at her when she goes out in public. Bonnie's example illustrates:

imaginary audience

Thirteen-year-old Mark refuses to go to school because he has a pimple. He is convinced that everyone will make fun of him. Mark's behavior is an example of:

imaginary audience

High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation potentially results in:

increased retention rates.

Kenya has been struggling in her algebra class, but she believes that if she just increases her study time and does more practice problems, she can improve her understanding and her grade. Kenya is displaying a(n) _____ theory of intelligence.

incremental

Janie has very little time at the store to choose a gift for her best friend and needs to make a fast decision. She will most likely rely on _____ thought to inform her decision.

intuitive

Seventeen-year-old Gina typically makes good decisions and stays out of trouble. Her parents were surprised one night to discover that Gina had sneaked out of the house, knowing that if she were caught she would be grounded and lose driving privileges and the use of her cell phone. When questioned about her decision to sneak out, Gina told her parents that her best friend was having a hard time, so Gina "had to" go talk to her at 3:00 A.M. Nothing else mattered, she told her parents. Gina seemed to have made her decision to sneak out based on _____ thinking.

intuitive

What type of thought begins with a prior belief, past experience, or common assumption rather than a logical premise?

intuitive

_____ thought begins with a belief, assumption, or general rule rather than a logical premise.

intuitive

_____ thought tends to be quick and powerful.

intuitive

Which of the following is a predictor of high intelligence?

life experiences

Smartphone owners who are from minority ethnic groups and/or _____ neighborhoods often rely on their phones for Internet access.

low SES

According to business leaders, today's high school graduates lack ___________, which would make them more prepared for the rapidly changing job market.

marketable skill development

Research on adolescents who play video games found that the use:

may increase physical aggression.

Developmentalists consider _____ to be "developmentally regressive."

middle schools

If Bradon is like MOST adolescents, as he gets older, he is likely to be more judgmental of whether a rule is legitimate and:

more suspicious of authority.

Which is a characteristic of formal operational thought?

more systematic logical thinking

John is 15 years old and never plays video games. John's lack of video game use is:

not representative of most male teens usage

Since the U.S. trend toward more high-stakes testing began:

other nations have moved away from relying on high-stakes testing.

What is the aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by the adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique?

personal fable

Marcus is 16 years old and plays video games for about 2 hours every day. According to one survey based on self-reports, Marcus's video game use is:

representative of most male teens' usage.

The period after primary education and before tertiary education is called:

secondary education

Sending sexual content via cell phone or social media is referred to as:

sexting

Aidan, who is 7 years old, is aware that racism exists. He is MOST likely to believe that racism exists because:

some people are prejudiced.

Inductive reasoning involves the use of one or more _____ experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion.

specific

In a study of adolescent thinking, Klaczynski concluded that:

teenagers can use logic, but most did not consistently.

Brian feels that no matter what he does, he will not be good at math because he was born without strong math skills. Brian is demonstrating _____, which MOST likely will reduce his ability to learn.

the entity theory of intelligence

Which of the following causes teens to believe that they are at center stage and that others are intensely interested in them?

the imaginary audience

Julia has been struggling in her biology class, but she believes that if she just increases her study time and does more practice problems, she can improve her understanding and her grade. Julia is exhibiting _____, which will also MOST likely help her learn.

the incremental theory of intelligence

Which of the following best explains why those under age 20 are MORE likely than those over 20 to volunteer for military service and have a desire to be sent into combat?

the invincibility fable

Developmentalists suspect that one reason for the slowdown in academic achievement that is seen in middle schools is:

the lack of connection between teachers and their students.

Fifteen-year-old Jordan believes that she is destined for greatness. She knows that she is going to be the first female president of the United States and does not listen to anyone who tells her that she should be "more realistic" in her goals. Jordan's feelings about her future are an example of:

the personal fable.

Sixteen-year-old Yung Sun has been dating Marcus for two months. She believes that no one has ever been in love as much as she is in love with Marcus. She is insulted whenever her parents tell her that the relationship probably won't last. Yung Sun's feelings are an example of:

the personal fable.

One hallmark of formal operational thought is the ability to:

think of possibility

Because of the potential dangers of the Internet, it is important for parents:

to stay connected and involved with their teens.

Although concrete operational thinkers might succeed on the balance-scale test of formal reasoning, they are less likely to do so because of their reliance on:

trial and error

The part of the brain that showed a marked discrepancy between adolescents and adults involved in the risk-taking video game study was:

ventral striatum.

Use of technology in adolescence may aid which of the following?

visual learning