Ch.17

What is peristalsis? Multiple Choice A process that enhances the mixing of the digestive secretions and food A localized contraction of the alimentary canal to mechanically breakdown food A process of controlled secretion of enzymes into the stomach to enhance digestion A propulsive movement of contents of the lumen from one area to another

A propulsive movement of contents of the lumen from one area to another

What is segmentation? Multiple Choice Waves of contractions that move food from the mouth to the stomach The extensive contraction of a tube to propel the contents forward Localized contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that help to mix food and secretions The mechanical breakdown of food that occurs exclusively in the oral cavity

Localized contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that help to mix food and secretions

Taking NSAID pain relievers like aspirin or ibuprofen for several weeks disrupts prostaglandin hormone signalling to cells in the stomach. This causes an interruption in production of the protective inner coating of the stomach, which leads to ulcers and further acid erosion. Which gastric cells are being affected by prolonged use of NSAID pain relievers? Multiple Choice Mucous cells Microvilli Parietal cells Chief cells

Mucous cells

What is the process of breaking down large molecules into small ones without affecting the chemical composition called? Multiple Choice Anabolism Absorption Chemical digestion Mechanical digestion

Mechanical digestion

Where are sensory signals from the stomach and small intestine sent to trigger a vomiting reflex? Multiple Choice Medulla oblongata Esophagus Cerebrum Pharynx

Medulla oblongata

During the defecation reflex, the Multiple Choice abdominal wall muscles relax. glottis is opened. diaphragm is lowered. internal abdominal pressure is decreased.

diaphragm is lowered.

During the defecation reflex, the Multiple Choice diaphragm is lowered. internal abdominal pressure is decreased. abdominal wall muscles relax. glottis is opened.

diaphragm is lowered.

Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. This condition affects her Multiple Choice abdominal wall. diaphragm. small intestine. stomach wall.

diaphragm.

Lydia is taking an antihistamine for her allergies and develops xerostomia. She has Multiple Choice hairloss. a peptic ulcer. dry mouth. bad breath.

dry mouth.

Bile salts function like detergents in that they __________ fat globules. Multiple Choice coagulate digest emulsify liquefy

emulsify

Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the Multiple Choice esophagus. small intestine. heart. stomach.

esophagus.

t/f - Bile salts function as digestive enzymes to break down fatty acids.

false

t/f - Peristalsis mixes food in small segments of the alimentary canal with digestive enzymes.

false

t/f - The esophagus provides a passageway for substances from the larynx to the bronchi.

false

t/f - The pyloric sphincter serves as a valve that controls the movement of food between the esophagus and stomach.

false

t/f - The stomach is C-shaped and extends from the duodenum to the spleen.

false

t/f- The esophagus provides a passageway for substances from the larynx to the bronchi.

false

t/f. - Peristalsis mixes food in small segments of the alimentary canal with digestive enzymes.

false

The liver Multiple Choice forms glucose from noncarbohydrates. secretes chymotrypsin. produces red blood cells. stores vitamin C.

forms glucose from noncarbohydrates.

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract Multiple Choice in the small and large intestines only. from the pharynx to the anus. in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. in the stomach and small intestine only.

from the pharynx to the anus.

Hepatitis C is not transmissible Multiple Choice from mother to baby. by sharing razors. from a blood transfusion. from uncooked meats.

from uncooked meats.

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete Multiple Choice hydrochloric acid. pepsinogen. mucus. pepsin.

hydrochloric acid.

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete Multiple Choice pepsinogen. hydrochloric acid. pepsin. mucus.

hydrochloric acid.

Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by Multiple Choice somatic impulses. sensory impulses. parasympathetic impulses. sympathetic impulses.

parasympathetic impulses.

Increased peristaltic activity in the small intestine is due to __________ nervous stimulation and distension of the __________ wall. Multiple Choice sympathetic; stomach parasympathetic; colon parasympathetic; stomach sympathetic; colon

parasympathetic; stomach

How many secondary teeth are in the upper jaw? Multiple Choice 8 10 16 32

16

__________ pick up cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and return it to the liver. Multiple Choice Triglycerides HDLs VLDLs LDLs

HDLs

Gallstones are usually composed of Multiple Choice cholesterol. bile pigments. calcium salts. uric acid.

cholesterol.

t/f - From the stomach, food passes into the duodenum, then the jejunum, and then the ileum.

true

t/f - Lymph transports fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms away from the intestine.

true

t/f - Pancreatic acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice.

true

What is the term to describe the mass of chewed food mixed with saliva? Multiple Choice Bolus Chum Mucus Amylase

Bolus

What are the major function(s) of the digestive system? Multiple Choice Breakdown and absorption of food Filtration and transport of blood Maintenance of homeostasis of bodily fluids Control movement and provide support for the body

Breakdown and absorption of food

What part of the tooth is composed of cellular tissue similar to bone, but harder? Multiple Choice Pulp Dentin Enamel Cementum

Dentin

What is xerostomia? Multiple Choice Thinning of tooth enamel Slow peristalsis Dry mouth Small pyloric sphincter

Dry mouth

What part of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teeth grinding, and eating acidic foods? Multiple Choice Dentin Gingiva Enamel

Enamel

Elliot thought that his peptic ulcers were caused by his nagging parents, and was surprised when the doctor handed him a prescription for medication to treat Multiple Choice excess bile. a viral infection. a too high pH. a bacterial infection.

a bacterial infection.

__________ is a protein-digesting enzyme in pancreatic juice. Multiple Choice Amylase Trypsin Nuclease Pancrease

Trypsin

What structure is pulled upward during swallowing to close the opening between the nasal cavity and pharynx? Multiple Choice Tongue Hard palate Uvula Palatine tonsils

Uvula

In the intestinal lumen, triglycerides are digested to fatty acids and monoglycerides. These two components are absorbed through the intestinal mucosa and enzymatically reunited to re-form triglycerides. These triglycerides, along with other lipids, enter the lacteals as part of particles called __________. Multiple Choice chyme LDL chylomicrons HDL

chylomicrons

The epiglottis is attached to the Multiple Choice esophagus. pharynx. larynx. trachea.

larynx.

All of the enzymes that digest protein are Multiple Choice activated by HCl. stimulated by enterokinase. secreted by the pancreas. secreted in an inactive form.

secreted in an inactive form.

The major mixing movement in the small intestine is accomplished by Multiple Choice churning. peristalsis. ring contractions. segmentation.

segmentation.

The greater omentum is composed of Multiple Choice the peritoneal membrane. the hiatal membrane. the pleural membrane. the pericardial membrane.

the peritoneal membrane.

The greater omentum is composed of Multiple Choice the pleural membrane. the hiatal membrane. the pericardial membrane. the peritoneal membrane.

the peritoneal membrane.

What are the three phases of gastric activity? Check All That Apply Cephalic phase Gastric phase Intestinal phase Hepatic phase Hypothalamic phase Esophageal phase

Cephalic phase Gastric phase Intestinal phase

Which are functions of saliva? Select all that apply. Check All That Apply Cleanses mouth and teeth Digests protein Dissolves molecules so they can be tasted Aids in swallowing Inhibits the chemical digestion of starch

Cleanses mouth and teeth Dissolves molecules so they can be tasted Aids in swallowing

Loperamide is a medication used to slow and stop diarrhea. It inhibits nervous signalling to the large intestine, relaxing the smooth muscles within the intestinal wall and preventing mass movements. Which of the following intestinal conditions/diseases have diarrheal symptoms that can be controlled with loperamide? Multiple Choice Colorectal cancer Hemorrhoids Diverticulosis Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease

Colorectal cancer

Where are haustra found? Multiple Choice Stomach Large intestine Pancreas Small intestine

Large intestine

Which of the following is needed to digest lipids? Multiple Choice Pepsin or trypsin and peptidases Amylase and disaccharidases Amylase and pepsin Lipase

Lipase

David has sustained severe damage to his liver in a car accident. Digestion of which nutrient will be most affected? Multiple Choice Vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

Lipids

Which is not a factor that may affect the rate of absorption of certain medications with age? Multiple Choice Thinning of the stomach lining Slowing of the exit of chyme from the stomach Slowing peristalsis Loss of power in mastication

Loss of power in mastication

One of the functions of the large intestine is to Multiple Choice absorb ingested water. regulate the release of bile. break down hemoglobin. secrete digestive enzymes.

absorb ingested water.

The __________ is the layer of the alimentary canal that absorbs nutrients. Multiple Choice submucosa serosa mucosa muscular layer

mucosa

t/f - Slowing of digestive tract peristalsis that occurs with aging may cause heartburn.

true

Which of the following is/are functions of the large intestine? Check all that apply. Check All That Apply Absorb water Store feces Secrete digestive enzymes Digest proteins Synthesize vitamin K

Absorb water Store feces

If prosecretin, the inactive form of the hormone secretin, is produced improperly and cannot be converted to the active form as a result, how will this affect the intestine and the pancreas during digestion? Multiple Choice -Acute pancreatitis will occur, as secretin will form within the pancreas and cause pancreatic juices to begin to digest pancreatic tissues. -Alkaline pancreatic juice will not be released from the pancreas as chyme is emptied into the duodenum. Peptic ulcers may result. -Cholecystokinin will not be released from the intestinal wall, so the acid of the chyme will not be neutralized. The duodenum will form peptic ulcers due to acid erosion. -Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice will not be released from the pancreas as chyme is emptied into the duodenum. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids will not be digested.

Alkaline pancreatic juice will not be released from the pancreas as chyme is emptied into the duodenum. Peptic ulcers may result.

Which of the following is true about bile? Multiple Choice Cholecystokinin stimulates its production. Secretin stimulates release of bile into the duodenum. Bile is produced by the liver. It contains concentrated enzymes that digest carbohydrates.

Bile is produced by the liver.

The disorder of the large intestine producing a "cobblestone" effect within the tissues of the colon is Multiple Choice Crohn's disease. ulcerative colitis. colorectal cancer. hemorrhoids.

Crohn's disease.

A genetic mutation prevents the parietal cells of the gastric glands from secreting their typical products. What effect would this have on digestion within the stomach? Multiple Choice Somatostatin would be secreted, so all digestion would be halted. Pepsinogen would not be secreted, so protein digestion would not occur within the stomach. Hydrochloric acid would not be produced, so pepsinogen would not be activated to form pepsin. The stomach would not produce a protective mucus coating and would digest itself.

Hydrochloric acid would not be produced, so pepsinogen would not be activated to form pepsin.

A genetic mutation prevents the parietal cells of the gastric glands from secreting their typical products. What effect would this have on digestion within the stomach? rev: 01_29_2019_QC_CS-155640 Multiple Choice -Somatostatin would be secreted, so all digestion would be halted. -Pepsinogen would not be secreted, so protein digestion would not occur within the stomach. -Hydrochloric acid would not be produced, so pepsinogen would not be activated to form pepsin. -The stomach would not produce a protective mucus coating and would digest itself.

Hydrochloric acid would not be produced, so pepsinogen would not be activated to form pepsin.

Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most? Multiple Choice Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Minerals

Proteins

Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most? Multiple Choice Carbohydrates Proteins Minerals Lipids

Proteins

If you take a piece of white bread and chew it slowly for a long period of time, the flavor will become very sweet. This is due to the starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars that trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown? Multiple Choice Pepsin Mucus Bicarbonate ions Salivary amylase

Salivary amylase

Which is not a function of the liver? Multiple Choice Formation of urea Secretion of bile Maintaining blood glucose concentration Secretion of insulin

Secretion of insulin

What is the correct order of vessels as blood flows through the liver? Multiple Choice Hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein, central vein Sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein Hepatic vein, sinusoid, central vein Central vein, hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein

Sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein

What is the correct order of vessels as blood flows through the liver? Multiple Choice Hepatic vein, sinusoid, central vein Sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein Hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein, central vein Central vein, hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein

Sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein

The alimentary canal of the digestive system is controlled by which nervous system? Multiple Choice Somatic nervous system only Sympathetic nervous system only Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system only

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

The alimentary canal of the digestive system is controlled by which nervous system? Multiple Choice Sympathetic nervous system only Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system only Somatic nervous system only

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

A child hanging upside down from a tree takes a bite from a candy bar. They manage to chew the candy and swallow it successfully. How does the bolus move along the esophagus? Multiple Choice -Because gravity is the main way the bolus travels to the stomach, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles push the bolus into the esophagus and force it to remain there until the child returns to an upright position. -Inhalation from the larynx sucks the bolus through the esophagus. -Because gravity is the main way the bolus travels to the stomach, the epiglottis pushes the bolus into the esophagus and forces it to remain there until the child returns to an upright position. -The esophagus undergoes peristalsis and the muscular movements force the bolus to the stomach, even against the force of gravity.

The esophagus undergoes peristalsis and the muscular movements force the bolus to the stomach, even against the force of gravity.

A child hanging upside down from a tree takes a bite from a candy bar. They manage to chew the candy and swallow it successfully. How does the bolus move along the esophagus? Multiple Choice Inhalation from the larynx sucks the bolus through the esophagus. The esophagus undergoes peristalsis and the muscular movements force the bolus to the stomach, even against the force of gravity. Because gravity is the main way the bolus travels to the stomach, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles push the bolus into the esophagus and force it to remain there until the child returns to an upright position. Because gravity is the main way the bolus travels to the stomach, the epiglottis pushes the bolus into the esophagus and forces it to remain there until the child returns to an upright position.

The esophagus undergoes peristalsis and the muscular movements force the bolus to the stomach, even against the force of gravity.

Why does the superior part of the esophagus contain skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle? Multiple Choice The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control. The first phase of swallowing is under involuntary control. The second phase of swallowing is under involuntary control. The second phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.

The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.

Ankyloglossia is a condition in which the tongue is almost completely anchored to the floor of the mouth along its midline. This causes the sufferer to have extreme difficulty talking and manipulating food during the process of mastication. The abnormal overgrowth of what structure would cause this condition? Multiple Choice The lingual frenulum The palatine tonsil The epiglottis The vestibule

The lingual frenulum

Which is not an involuntary part of the swallowing reflex? Multiple Choice The tongue rolls chewed food into a bolus and pushes it to the oropharynx. The tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate. The epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea. Muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food.

The tongue rolls chewed food into a bolus and pushes it to the oropharynx.

Gallstones may form if Multiple Choice the liver is lacerated. bile is too concentrated. hepatic cells secrete too much HCl. the pH of the gallbladder becomes too alkaline.

bile is too concentrated.

The tissues turning yellow (jaundice) is due to the accumulation of Multiple Choice cholesterol. bile pigments. hemoglobin A. carotene.

bile pigments.

Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with Multiple Choice breathing only. swallowing only. both breathing and swallowing. neither breathing nor swallowing.

both breathing and swallowing.

The digestive system Multiple Choice ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder. sends cellular debris to lysosomes. mechanically and chemically assembles food from absorbed nutrients. absorbs nutrients in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach, and releases nutrients in the intestines.

ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder.

An extracorporeal liver assist device was surgically implanted into Sam. This device is very similar to Multiple Choice artificial skin. an artificial heart. a blood transfusion. kidney dialysis.

kidney dialysis.

The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called Multiple Choice absorption. salivation. peristalsis. mastication.

mastication.

The functions of saliva include Multiple Choice -moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of proteins; and cleansing the esophagus. -moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the teeth and mouth. -moistening, binding and building up food particles; beginning mechanical digestion of fats; and cleansing the teeth and mouth. -moistening, binding and building up food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the esophagus.

moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the teeth and mouth.

The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the Multiple Choice serosa, muscular layer, mucosa, submucosa. mucosa, muscular layer, serosa, submucosa. submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscular layer. mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa

mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa

Secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by Multiple Choice protein and fat in the small intestine. protein in the small intestine. fat in the stomach. protein in the stomach.

protein and fat in the small intestine.

Secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by Multiple Choice protein and fat in the small intestine. protein in the small intestine. protein in the stomach. fat in the stomach.

protein and fat in the small intestine.

Over-the-counter antacids usually include Multiple Choice agents that lower the pH in the stomach. anti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen. sodium, aluminum, calcium, or magnesium. a mixture of digestive juices.

sodium, aluminum, calcium, or magnesium.

The parotid glands are Multiple Choice the smallest salivary glands. in the lower jaw. under the tongue. the largest salivary glands.

the largest salivary glands.

The parotid glands are Multiple Choice the smallest salivary glands. under the tongue. the largest salivary glands. in the lower jaw.

the largest salivary glands.

The alimentary canal extends, in its entirety, from Multiple Choice the mouth to the anus. the mouth to the large intestine. the stomach to the small intestine. the liver to the gallbladder.

the mouth to the anus.

t/f - Cholecystokinin, a hormone released from intestinal mucosa as a result of stimulation by the presence of fats in the small intestine, stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum.

true

t/f - The movement of chyme through the small intestine is increased by parasympathetic impulses and is inhibited by sympathetic impulses.

true

t/f - The parotid gland differs from the submandibular and sublingual glands in that it secretes a clear fluid that is rich in amylase.

true